Understanding Motivation In Sport And Movement

UNDERSTANDING MOTIVATION IN SPORT AND MOVEMENT Part 1: The Significance of Motivation The Ubiquity of Motivation  Motivation plays a crucial role in health, athletic performance, and daily life.  The concept of motivation encompasses various synonyms: incentive, initiative, interest, passion, ambition, and driving force.  Examining what motivates people to engage in sports is essential. Defining Motivation  At its core, motivation is the driving force behind actions.  Rheinberg's definition highlights essential elements: goal states, evaluation, intensity, and persistence.  Goal states can be positive (desirable) or negative (avoided), acting as incentives or disincentives. Part 2: Incentives and Affect Role of Affect in Motivation  Affect, or emotional response, is central to motivation.  Affective responses influence behavior and future engagement.  Affect can be positive (rewarding) or negative (deterrent). Anticipated Affect as an Incentive  Anticipated change in affect serves as the incentive for specific behaviors.  People engage in activities based on the expected emotional outcomes.  Affect energizes action, with positive affect promoting activity and negative affect hindering it. Part 3: Sources of Incentives Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation  Intrinsic motivation: Engaging in an activity for its inherent rewards, such as kinesthetic experiences or the "flow" state.  Extrinsic motivation: External rewards, like health, appearance, performance, or social experiences, influence behavior. Motivation Categories  Abele and Brehm list ten motivation categories related to sports and exercise.  These categories encompass health, well-being, appearance, performance, social experiences, excitement, aesthetics, and self-presentation. Part 4: Motivation and Volition The Role of Volition  Volitional processes are necessary to translate intentions into action and maintain goal pursuit.  Strong volitional skills are vital for sustaining long-term training and regular physical activity. The Rubicon Model of Action Phases  The interaction between motivation and volition is described in the "Rubicon Model of Action Phases."  This model explains the transition from goal setting to goal striving and maintenance. Part 5: Person × Situation Interaction Personal and Situational Factors  Motivation results from the interplay between personal and situational factors.  Personal factors include motives, needs, values, and goals.  Motives, such as achievement, affiliation, and power, influence incentive preferences. The Person × Situation Scheme  The P × S scheme illustrates the interaction between personal and situational factors in motivation.  Achievement motives and performance-related incentives determine performance motivation.  Affects associated with activity and its outcomes vary based on individual motives and incentives.