Self-Concordance Model and Hierarchical Model of Intrinsic Motivation in Sports

SELF-CONCORDANCE MODEL AND HIERARCHICAL MODEL OF INTRINSIC MOTIVATION IN SPORTS Part 1: Self-Concordance Model (Sheldon & Elliot, 1999) 1.1 Introduction to Self-Concordance  Sheldon and Elliot's Self-Concordance Model is based on Organismic Integration Theory (OIT).  Emphasizes the alignment of personal goals with intrinsic and extrinsic motivations.  Examines how well goals harmonize with individuals' fundamental interests and values. 1.2 Goal Orientation  Goals can be classified as intrinsic (aligned with personal enjoyment) or extrinsic (driven by external pressures). 1.3 Empirical Support  Smith et al. (2007) and Smith et al. (2011) confirmed the Self-Concordance Model.  Autonomous goal motives at the start of the season predicted midseason effort, leading to end-of-season goal attainment.  Goal attainment positively correlated with changes in psychological need satisfaction and emotional well-being. 1.4 Measuring Self-Concordance  Self-concordance in sports is typically assessed by asking individuals about their personal sport-related goals.  Participants rate their reasons for pursuing each goal in terms of intrinsic, identified, introjected, and external regulations. Part 2: Hierarchical Model of Intrinsic Motivation (Vallerand, 1997) 2.1 Introduction to Hierarchical Model  Vallerand's model categorizes motivation into intrinsic, extrinsic, and amotivation on three hierarchical levels.  Higher-level motivation influences lower-level motivation, both top-down and bottom-up. 2.2 Hierarchical Levels of Motivation  Motivation can exist at the situational level (specific contexts), contextual level (certain settings), or global level (overall disposition).  Motivation at higher levels can affect motivation at lower levels. 2.3 Influences on Motivation  Social environmental factors and mediators determine different types of motivation.  Autonomy-supportive social systems can foster intrinsic motivation through the satisfaction of autonomy needs. 2.4 Consequences of Motivation  Different types of motivation can lead to distinct behavioral, affective, and cognitive outcomes.  Understanding these consequences is vital for sports psychology. Part 3: Measuring Intrinsic Motivation 3.1 The Free Choice Paradigm  Intrinsic motivation can be observed through behavior, such as voluntarily engaging in a task.  The "free choice paradigm" measures the duration of voluntary engagement, but it doesn't consider underlying motivations. 3.2 Questionnaires Assessing Intrinsic Motivation 3.2.1 Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI)  Developed within the framework of Self-Determination Theory (SDT).  Assesses subjective experiences during an activity.  Measures dimensions like "interest/enjoyment," "perceived "perceived choice," and "pressure/tension."  Can be adapted to specific sports contexts for psychometric evaluation. competence,"