Morality as Based on the Transmission of Cultural Standards | California State University, Northridge

University:
California State University, Northridge
Course:
PSY 150 | Introduction to Psychology
Academic year:

2023
Views:

160

Pages:

1
Author:

Jithin J I

MORALITY AS BASED ON THE TRANSMISSION OF CULTURAL STANDARDS  Durkheim's functionalism sees morality as internalizing society's norms and values.  Socialization transmits morals externally via laws, customs, sanctions.  Internalization makes them part of us through common values and expectations.  Starts early - preschoolers sensitive to others violating norms.  Theories since Durkheim share notion of internalizing societal standards.  Freud - morality from oedipal situation and introjecting parental prohibitions.  Social learning - emotions to social reinforcers or modeling.  Recent focus on cultural differences in moral socialization. Hoffman's Empathy-Based Internalization Model  Emphasizes active internalization via empathy.  Sees empathy as inborn, motivating prosocial behavior.  Documents early emerging social skills.  Outlines 3 types of moral dilemmas: 1. Bystander to others' distress - empathy motivates helping 2. Cause of harm to others - discipline techniques affect internalization 3. Beneficiary of another's altruism - develops gratitude, guilt, reciprocity  Details developmental increases in empathy complexity  Inductions generate guilt, embed moral content, and lead to internalization