Basic Concept of Outbound In Educational Training and Development

BASIC CONCEPT OF OUTBOND IN EDUCATIONAL TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT A. Outbound Method Concept In concept, the definition of outbound is an outdoor activity that aims to relax and unwind, with a series of relatively light adventures or games. In addition to having an understanding, outbound has its essence in the current context in Indonesia. According to Susanta (Rahayu, A. H. 2017:20) Outbound is a method of self-development through a combination of a series of psychomotor, cognitive, and affective aspects in an experiential learning approach. It can be emphasized from the two opinions above, that outbound is a method, in its implementation through outdoor activities that involve physical activities that have an active learning process through learning by doing field experience. The outbound method is used for the reason that it is a complex life simulation that is made simple. Basically, all forms of activity in a complex organization or company need to find a simple way. Susanta (Rahayu, A. H. 2017:21) said that the outbound method uses a method that provides direct experience to training participants, because the outbound method is through experience (Experiential learning). Participants can feel directly whether they are successful or fail in carrying out their work tasks, if there is success, participants immediately know what behavior makes them successful and if the work team fails to carry out a task, participants know which behavior is the cause of the failure. The outbound method facilitates understanding of management concepts, because this method makes participants directly involved cognitively (thoughts), affectively (emotions), and psychomotorically (physical motor movements). With these three advantages, this method is considered very effective. B. Implementation of the Outbound Method The implementation of outbound training has the advantage that it is carried out in accordance with reality with observation. From the observation process, the development of abstract concepts and work patterns is obtained. The process of implementing outbound training takes quite a long time and requires support from the company. This is very important because real experience followed by the development of abstract concepts will produce a situation and work pattern. The implementation of Outbound training must be based on the planning process and information obtained about the condition of the participants, either from interviews or data from the company or organization carrying out the activity. There are several types of outbound activity implementation, including: 1. Games A game is an exercise in which participants or in this case employees engage in a contest with other participants (or a group of people) subject to a number of rules. Games usually include some type of payment. Most training games today are more directed at individual participants competing against themselves rather than competing with each other. This avoids the situation of having a winner and a loser. 2. Simulation A simulation is an example of an actual or imaginary situation. Simulations are generally used to train future operators where it would be impractical or too dangerous for employees to use real equipment or locations. Simulations are usually designed to be as realistic as possible so that employees can learn from their actions without having to worry about having to repair or replace damaged equipment. Examples of simulations include flight simulators, driving simulators, and war games. 3. Brain Teasers Brain teasers are in a class of their own. They are not pure games or simulations but rather puzzles that can occupy the minds of participants or show key points. Brain teasers generally do not have rules, but trainers can design their own rules to suit individual training sessions. Some brain teasers include exercises such as joining the dots and most are perceptual exercises. 4. Role Playing Role playing is used in training to see how participants react in certain situations before and during a training session. Role playing is very useful in giving participants the opportunity to practice how to relate to others in a given scenario. Even if participants get it wrong, they can still learn a lesson. 5. Case Study The definition of a case study is exactly what the name suggests. A case (usually from the participant's work area) is studied by a group or by an individual. The in-depth study of a real event or simulated scenario is intended to illustrate certain results. If a group or individual has an answer to a particular problem or situation, then that answer can be compared to what actually happened and the results that emerged in the event. The success of an outbound training activity in the open air is highly dependent on the order of presentation of the activities. The order of presentation of these activities is closely related to the physical readiness and emotional mood of the participants and the emotional arousal of the outbound training participants. If the order of outbound activities fails to create an atmosphere of increasing joy, then the training will be very boring and uninteresting. In addition, the arrangement of outbound activities must also be able to foster a feeling of obtaining increasing challenges. If the outbound training activity begins with an activity (exercise) that is very challenging and full of joy, then in the next activity the quality of the challenge and joy decreases, then the outbound training is less successful. The following is an example of a good order of outbound activities (outdoor training). 1) Prayer together (asking for safety to the creator of the universe) 2) Stretching/stretching muscles, starting with jogging, light gymnastics and cooling down. This sports activity must be done seriously so that the muscles become flexible and there are no muscle spasms or injuries. 3) Ice-breaking/ice-breaking games. Icebreaker activities in outbound activities aim to warm up the participants so that a sense of friendship and a pleasant atmosphere (rapport) are formed. 4) Team building. After the icebreaker is done, outbound games are played in the form of team building. 5) Contemplation/reflection, done to process experiences from the activities that have been carried out. 6) Closing. There are many ways for outbound training providers to carry out their outbound activities. The methods commonly used in outbound training are: • Group games In an outbound training activity, there are many games that are played in groups, both fun games and middle games. Some outbound games that are usually played in groups include: Human ladder, Ring moves, Hunter my name, Pearls in shells, hollahop/chain webbing, all stand up, frantic balloon, train balloon, ball tossing, and others • Group work In an outbound training activity, group work is usually done to simulate real life in simple games in outbound activities. Some outbound activities that simulate this activity include: human ladder, time boom, leaky pipe, smallest island, escape from the island, smallest island, crocodille river, etc. • Individual adventure Individual adventures need to be done in outbound training activities to provide new experiences for outbound participants, increase courage, make decisions quickly and increase humanity. Games in individual adventures are usually in high rope games or other outbound games. Among them: flying fox, two line bridge, elvis bridge, solo camp, repeling, paragliding, airsoftgun, paint ball, etc. • Lecture (the relationship between simulation activities and management principles) Lectures are usually conducted in outbound training activities at night. • Discussion In an outbound training activity, discussion is needed to solve existing problems, so that the objectives/goals of the outbound training carried out can be achieved.