University:
Carleton University
Course:
CHEM 1001 | General Chemistry I
Academic year:

2024
Views:

185

Pages:

2
Author:

ali

Limiting Reactant: Reactant that limits the amount of products being produced. Example: If 20.0g of Cu react with 2.00g of oxygen in the following reaction, which reactant is the limiting reactant? 4Cu(s) + O2(g) → 2Cu2O(s) 20.0g Cu x (1 mol Cu / 63.55g Cu) x (2 mol Cu2O / 4 mol Cu) = 0.157 mol Cu2O (smaller) 2.00g O2 x (1 mol O2 / 32.00g O2) x (2 mol Cu2O / 1 mol O2) = 0.125 mol Cu2O Cu is the limiting reactant If 3.00g of Fe react with 5.00g of H2O in the following reaction, which reactant is limiting reactant? 2Fe(s) + 3H2O(l) → Fe2O3(s) + 3H2(g) 3.00g Fe x (1 mol Fe / 55.85g Fe) x (1 mol Fe2O3 / 2 mol Fe) = 0.0269 mol Fe2O3 (smaller) 5.00g H2O x (1 mol H2O / 18.02g H2O) x (1 mol Fe2O3 / 3 mol H2O) = 0.0929 mol Fe2O3 Fe is the limiting reactant Percent Yield Comparison between the actual yield and theoretical yield. Equation: percent yield = (actual yield / theoretical yield) x 100 Decomposition Reaction When a single substance is broken down into 2 or more simpler substances Usually needs heat Equation: AB → A + B Example: 2H₂O(l) → 2H₂(g) + O₂(g) Single Displacement Reaction When a more reactive element replaces a less active element in a compound Equation: A + BX → AX + B Example: The element A is more reactive - replaces B 2Na(s) + Cl₂(g) → 2NaCl(s) Pb(NO₃)₂(aq) + Mg(s) → Mg(NO₃)₂(aq) + Pb(s) Mg is more reactive than Pb Combination Reactions A + B → AB Example: BaO(s) + CO₂(g) → BaCO₃(s) - Composition Sn(s) + 2F₂(g) → SnF₄(s) - Combination SnCl₂(aq) + 2Na(s) → 2NaCl(aq) + Sn(s) - Single Displacement Double Displacement Reactions 2 compounds react and the cations (+) and anions (-) are exchanged Equation: AB + XY → AY + XB Solubility Rules Determine whether a solid (precipitate) will form Soluble compounds are aqueous Insoluble compounds are solids Soluble Ionic compound dissolves or dissociates into ions Insoluble Compound is in the form of a solid or precipitate