Digestive System Review Activity Key

Name: Date: Hay Hour: Digestive System Review Activity Humans get their energy from the food they eat. Steps of Digestion: 1. Digestion begins in the Mouth where teeth begin smashing and grinding the food. 2. In the mouth the Salivary glands release saliva which includes an enzyme called Amylase, which is responsible for chemically breaking polysaccharides into disaccharides. 3. The MucUS digestive tract easier. The water works to Cover down into disaccharides, smaller sugars) the food so it moves through the completes hydrolysis. (breaking the polysaccharides 4. The tongue to the Pharynx then pushes the food (now called the bolus or the back of the throat. When we swallow this food the epiglottis closes over the airway to prevent choking. 5. The bolus moves by peristalsis or contractions of the esophagus. Mucus lines (covers) the esophagus to ensure smooth movement of the bolus. 6. Then the stomach breaks down Polypeptides juice, which contain Pepsinogen using enzymes pepsin in the gastric and HCI 7. Mucus moved to the protects the stomach from the acid. The food, now called duodenum Chyme which is the first part of the small intestine. is 8. The stomach empties the chyme into the small the Pancreas lower the activation can occur faster. The pancreas secretes and Intestines gall blade entiny pancreatic where secretions from act as catalysts to 30 hydrolysis **** Carbohydrates are broken down into Monosaccharides. **** Proteins are broken down into amino Lipids are broken down into faky acids acids and Glycerol 9. The liver produces bile. Bile is used to bile break the gall bladder up (emulsify) fat globules into fat droplets. stores the 10. The small intestine is lined with which increase its sustace and allows for more absorption of nutrients. The small intestines is where the majority of chemical and absorption of the nutrients into the blood stream occur. digestion 11. The large intestine has a larger **diameter** but is shorter in length than the small intestine. The large intestine is colonized by **bacteria**   which produce Vitamin **B** and Vitamin **K**. 12. Vitamin B is used for **brain health** and Vitamin K is used for **blood clotting**. The large intestine is also responsible for the absorption of **water** to aid in the formation of feces. | Secreting Area | What is released? | Where is it released to? | Job it does | |---|---|---|---| | Salivary Glands | Amylase | Oral Cavity/Mouth | breaks down polysaccharides | | Glands and Cells of the stomach wall lining | Pepsin, HCl (and) Mucus | Stomach | breaks down proteins, protects stomach | | Pancreas | Amylase Lipase Trypsin | Small Intestine | breaks down carbohydrates, breaks down fats, breaks down protein | | Liver | Bile | Gall bladder | mechanically separates fats | | Gallbladder | Bile | Small intestine | same as ↑ | | Bacteria in Large Intestine | Vitamins | large intestine | helps in brain health, blood clotting | 1. In what two locations are carbohydrates chemically broken down? What enzyme is aiding hydrolysis in each location? a. Location: Mouth Enzyme:   Amylase b. Location: Small Intestine Enzyme: Amylase 2. In what two locations are proteins chemically broken down? What enzyme is aiding hydrolysis in each location? a. Location: Stomach Enzyme: pepsin b. Location: Small   Intestine Enzyme: trypsin 3. Where are lipids chemically broken down? What enzyme is aiding hydrolysis in each location? a. Location: Small Intestine   Enzyme: lipase