TEAS Prep Notes - Nervous System

Nervous system introductionBrainspinal card[Ear22peyenosemouth musclesDownface musclesDOWNSwallow musclesARM.To Backmuscles,Forso Muscles,Ventral Cavityorganslargest Spinal Nerve= sciatic NeneNeuropathy : Peripheral NerveDamageDownPaulCEntral nervous system (CNS)- Blainspinal cordperipheral nervous system (PNS) - All Nerves-31 pairs of spinal nerves. 12 pairs of cranical nervessensory nervesmotor nerves(AFFERENT) PNSCNSONSPNSmuscles(EFFERENT)1Touchnociception (pain)not theinvoluntarybrain thoughvoluntary(Automamic)(somatic)Temperature-smooth muscle- skeletal musclescardiac musclestretch receptorssight (light waves)special sensessmellchemicalstasteHearing (sound waves)symphatheticParasymp ratheticwww.sciencewithsusanna.com(Fight or Flight)(Rest I Digest)bloodflowconstrict digestiveLed by stressHeart Ratecardial outputdialate= skeletalrespiratory rateconstriction/Dialationintestinal activityurinary outputGlocase mobilized fromof Blood vessalsGlandwar activity The BrainFrontas lovematures by 225 years ageJudgementAll lobes /combined Functionsproblemsolving creative logicalcerebrum2 hemispheres*understanding consequencesemotion voluntary movement (activitylearning Emotions 3 memory language sensory processingmemory cognitive Functionsproblem solving, creativity * motor output, movement controllearningparietal wemoter cortextactile object recognition touchlocated here -sense of tasteiniates voluntarymovementFrontalParietalsomatosensory cortex located here-sense of touch Processing date;*speech outputvocabularyperception, animalictake.couchaccipital cobevisual cortex located hereHTEPIThalamus:Produces melatonin,Temporarmidbrain(From Fineal Gland)Occipitalmakes you sleepyDiencephalonPons" Through the head'cerebellumcoordinating motor movements,Epithalamus creates melatoninsome spatial skills, BalanceThalamus "Inner Room'midbrainHypothalamusmedvila- Hearing & smell safety Reflexesinvoluntarycontrols Autoromic NSstress responseoblongatarest/digest)Brainsiem marmainsPonsTemporal Lobehomeostasisconveys cerebulem intomedulla Oblongata:cardioregulatory centershumanmidbrainto cerebrumHearingalfaction-smellPonsBridge between lower* language(control HR and Force)medulla oblongatabrainstem and highermemoryvasomotor centersbrain structuresEmotion(control vasoconstrictioncontrol rate & depth ofcerebellumThalamusand control BP)coordinationRelay station for sensoryspatial skills leuzzle solving(communicates respirativate w/ medulla outrespirationlacks complete blood/brain barrieroblongata to carry& motor informationvomiting centerthese functions)BreathingHypothalamus (CEO of Actonomic NS)swallowingspinal cord layers (outside-> inside)controls pituitary gland and causesHeartbect- Dura materhormones to be released* Reproductive (FSH, LH, PRL,OXY)- ArachnoidGrowth & cellular repair (GH)- Pia matermetabolism (TSH)-appetite, Fat storagestress management (ACTH)cortisol levelswater retentionwww.sciencewithsusanna.comH2O balance (BP regulation)Hypothalamus modurates & influences medullaoblongata controls of vasoconstriction & HR (Heart Rate)Body's thennostat (your own WBCs or pathogens produce puragens to raise thermostat) Neuronal AnatomyAxon TerminalSynapse synaptic cleftTarget membraneaxonpendrites recieve incoming signals neurons from theterminals (Bind NTS of that other diffuse across the synaptic deft)of cell positivelychargedoutide inside of cell: negatively chargedsoma (cell body) - contains nucleus. DNA makesMRNA which is then translated into the amino acids neededwasto make neurotransmittersmotor proteins transport neurotransmitters to the axonterminal to be stored in synapric vesicleswhat means what the AP jumps?Aron Hillock:wa* in. and makes the cellmore comes POSITIVE and is depolarizedwhere APs are fired from.Primary locationwhen the KS leaves, thedendriteNa cell goes back to"sum" It all the high signals enough, from then the AP will be fired.K+normal, meaningnegative and thewave continuesreceptors -All or nothing the same amplitude(Intensity to of AP is AP coded has there for is a by greader frequency) chanceAUGRESSmyelinSchool of anDepolarization Nasheathif are positive vise versurushes in, becomesthe they AP will five and hillock determines if an aron AP firesRest/normal K'overall, and if the it poon does, it will go down theleaves, becomes-NotKNODE OF RANVIERNa+ktSignal will jump.through the nodesto finish off the APNotsersNatMyelln helps toincrease thesynaphorespeed of thev axonterminals neurons from joinelectrical impusedendmies different from differentneuronRestarts againTheprocesscontinuesWww.sciencewiuisusanna.com The synapse2AvonalterminalofSECURITYIca21G:-Unitsynaptic veskclescontainAch Bain1AP reaches the axon terminalvoluntary motor outputand causes Ca st channels to openresponsible for parasynthetic effectscan rushes inNE - Brain/ sympathetic7.Ca21 causes exocytosis of synapticvesides NTS dumped into cleftDopamine Bnds to - receptor CNS NTS proteins onNTs diffuse across the dett and bindthe membrane of me post3synaptic cleftreceptors on the targetRecepters determine the effect onthe target muscle? binds to Nicotinic cholinergic receptors and causescontractionskeletalNa* Ach channels to open on the muscle fiber Depolarization