Mastering A&P Homework No.1

Mastering A&P Homework No. 1 1. What does the principle of complementarity of structure and function mean?  Function reflects structure and structure determines function. - The function of a cell/organ/organism depends on its structure. The structure of a cell/organ/organism determines its function. 2. 3. Which organ systems function as control systems, communicating with other cells/organs to regulate their activities?  nervous and endocrine systems - Communication within the body is essential for homeostasis. Communication is accomplished chiefly by the nervous and endocrine systems, the body's control systems. 4. 5. Which materials are exchanged between blood and cells, as depicted by the set of arrows labeled 5 in the above figure?  OXYGEN, WASTE PRODUCTS, CARBON DIOXIDE, AND NUTRIENTS: The set of arrows labeled 5 represent both the essential materials required for cellular metabolism (nutrients and oxygen) and the waste products generated as a byproduct of cellular metabolism (including organic molecules and carbon dioxide). 6. Which of the following represents the correct order in which the components interact in a homeostatic control system?  the receptor, the control center, and the effector  Regardless of the factor or event being regulated-the variable-all homeostatic control mechanisms are processes involving at least three components that work together. The first component, the receptor, is a sensor that monitors the environment and responds to changes by signaling (providing input to) the control center. The control center compares the input to the set point, which is the level or range at which a variable is to be maintained, and signals the appropriate effector(s). The effector produces the effect (change) that counteracts the initial problem (stimulus). 7. 8. Which of the following is true of negative feedback mechanisms?  The effect opposes the original stimulus or reduces its intensity.- Most homeostatic control mechanisms are negative feedback mechanisms. In these systems, the effect opposes (counteracts) the original stimulus or reduces its intensity. 9. 10. 11.  Sagittal View: Divided Left and Right sides of body 12. Which of the following organs is least likely to be damaged in an automobile accident?  Urinary Bladder - The urinary bladder is very well protected in the pelvic cavity by the two hip bones. 13. Which of the following statements is correct?  The umbilicus is caudal to the chin. - The terms caudal and inferior are synonymous, meaning "away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below." The umbilicus is caudal (inferior) to the chin. 14. Which of the following can be described as a cut made diagonally between the horizontal and the vertical planes?  Oblique Section - An oblique section is a cut made diagonally between the horizontal and the vertical planes. 15. What is the function of serous fluid?  It enables organs, such as the heart and the stomach, to slide across cavity walls and each other without friction - The slippery serous fluid allows the organs to slide without friction across the cavity walls and one another as they carry out their routine functions. This freedom of movement is especially important for mobile organs, such as the pumping heart and the churning stomach. 16. Which of the following best defines anatomy?  It is the study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another. - Anatomy is the study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another.