Metabolism of Lipid

Metabolism of Lipid The lipids that we obtain as a source of energy are mainly from neutral lipids, namely triglycerides (esters between glycerol and 3 fatty acids). In summary, the results of lipid digestion are fatty acids and glycerol, apart from that there are also monoglycerides. Because it dissolves in water, glycerol enters the portal circulation (portal vein) to the liver. Short chain fatty acids can also go through this pathway. There is no lipase enzyme found in mouth and stomach so the fat digestion mainly occurs in the intestine which converted into an emulsion and digested by the enzyme steapsin in pancreatic fluid and the result of the fat digestion process is fatty acids , glycerol, monoglycerides, diglycerides as well as remaining triglycerides. The result product are insoluble in water and transporte by the mycellus and released into the intestinal epithelial cells. In these cells, fatty acids and monoglycerides are immediately formed into triglycerides (lipids) and gather in the form of bubbles called chylomicrons. After that the chylomicrons are transported through the lymph vessels and empty into the vena cava so they unite the blood circulation and then transported to the liver and adipose tissue.Chylomicrons are immediately broken down into fatty acids and glycerol in liver cells and metabolic tissue.Next, the fatty acids and glycerol are reformed into triglyceride stores. The process of forming triglycerides is called esterification. At any time if we need metabo from lipids, triglycerides are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol, to be transported to cells to be oxidized into metabo. These fatty acids are transported by albumin to tissues that need them and are referred to as free fatty acids (FFA). As sumarry, the fatty aicd and glycerol as the result factors of the breakdown. If the metabo source from carbohydrates is sufficient, the fatty acids undergo esterification, namely forming esters with glycerol to become triglycerides as long-term metabo reserves. If at any time there is no available source of metabolism from carbohydrates, then fatty acids oxidized, both fatty acids from the diet and if they have to break down tissue triglyceride reserves. Lipolysis is the name of this process of breaking down the triglycerides. Meanwhile, the beta oxidation and produces asetyl CoA is the name of process of fatty acids oxidation. Next, the acetyl CoA from this pathway will also enter the citric acid cycle. Acetyl CoA also synthesized some non-glyceride lipids. Acetyl CoA undergoes cholesterogenesis to become cholesterol. Ketogenesis is a process of ketone bodies produce by the acetyl CoA as a result of fatty acid oxidation. Ketone bodies can cause a disturbance in the acid-base balance called metabolic acidosis. This situation can cause death.