Influence Factors in Enzyme Activity

Influence Factors in Enzyme Activity Temperature Factor Enzymes are made from protein so enzymes are affected by temperature. At optimal temperature, collisions between enzymes and substrates occur at the highest speed. There is an optimum temperature which theenzyme has maximum activity. Temperatures far above the optimal temperature cause enzymes to denature, changing their shape, structure and function. At temperatures well below the optimal temperature, for example at 0°C, the enzyme is inactive. Enzymes in humans work optimally at 35–40°C. Approaching normal body temperature. The bacteria that live in hot water have enzymes that work optimally at 70°C. Degree of acidity (pH) Like proteins, enzymes also work influenced by the degree of acidity of the environment. Enzymes work at a certain pH called Optimum pH . The optimal degree of acidity for enzyme work is generally close to neutral pH, around 6-8. Outside this range, enzyme work can be disrupted and can even be denatured. For example, pepsin is a digestive enzyme with an optimal pH of 2. At a pH far above optimum, the enzyme will experience denaturation and cannot work optimally. Final result (product) If cells produce more product than needed, the excess product can inhibit enzyme action. If the excess product is used up, enzyme work will return to normal. This mechanism is very important in reversible processes, namely preventing cells from depleting sources of useful molecules into products that are not needed Enzyme concentration In reactions with an enzyme concentration that is much less than the substrate, the addition of enzyme will increase the reaction rate. This increase in reaction rate occurs linearly. The enzyme concentration is proportional to the speed of enzymatic reaction. The reaction rate will remain constant if the enzyme and substrate concentrations are balanced, the reaction rate will remain constant. Substrate concentration Increasing the substrate concentration in the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme will initially increase the reaction rate. However, once the substrate concentration is increased further, the reaction rate will reach a saturation point and will not increase any further. After reaching the saturation point, increasing the substrate concentration again has no effect on the reaction rate. When the reaction rate is saturated by the substrate concentration, increasing the enzyme concentration can increase the reaction rate. Increasing the reaction rate by increasing the enzyme concentration will increase the reaction rate until a new saturation point is formed. At a fixed enzyme concentration, increasing the substrate concentration will increase the speed of the enzymatic reaction until it reaches a constant maximum speed .