University:
Eastern Kentucky University
Course:
BIO 305 | Biology of Sex
Academic year:

2020
Views:

213

Pages:

1
Author:

Marilyn James

Biology 3: Embryogenesis and Developmen 1 chorionic villi Fertilization placenta yolk sac Occurs in the Ampulla of fallopian tube. Sperm’s Acrosomal enzymes penetrate corona radiate & zona pellucia. Acrosomal enzymes inject pronucleus. Cortical reaction releases Ca2+ which depolarizes ovum membrane and makes it impenetrable. 2 uterine lining umbilical cord chorionic cavity amnion Morula amniontic fluid • Early. Solid mass of cells 3 chorion uterine cavity Blastula internal os • Implants in endometrial lining • Fluid filled blastocoel • Trophoblast ® Chorion / placenta • Inner Cell Mass ® Organism 4 Gastrulation External os vaginal canal - Archenteron leads to blastopore Ectoderm: Nervous system, skin, hair, nails, mouth, anus. “Atract-oderm”: Skin, hair are things people are attracted to. Mesoderm: Muscoskeleton, circulatory system, gonads, adrenal cortex. “Move-oderm”: Involved in moving things such as muscles, RBC, steroids. Endoderm: Endocrine glands, GI tract, respiratory tract, bronchi, bladder, stomach. “In-doderm”: Things that are inside. 5 cervix Fraternal = dizygotic Identical = monozygotic Twins Cell Specialization Determination: Cell commits to becoming a certain type of cell Differentiation: Follows determination. Selectively transcribe genes appropriate for cell’s specific function Neurulation Mesoderm develops a Notochord. Notochord induces Ectoderm. Ectoderm ® Neural folds ® Neural tube ¯ ¯ Neural crest cells Central nervous system ¯ Peripheral nervous system Induction Group of cells influence the fate of nearby cells. Mediated by inducers, which are commonly growth factors. Cell Signaling Stem Cells Totipotent: “Total”, can be any type of cell Pluripotent: Can be any cell except those found in placental structures Paracrine Autocrine Multipotent: More specialized. Can be multiple types of cells *Adult stem cells are multipotent and require treatment w/ transcription factors Fetal Circulation Juxtacrine Endocrine Fetal Hemoglobin (HbF): #O2 affinity than HbA O2 and CO2 exchange via diffusion Fetal Shunts Umbilical Artery, − O2 PLACENTA Umbilical Vein, + O2 Skip Lungs: Foramen ovule: R atrium L atrium Ductus Arteriousus: Pulmonary artery Skip Liver: Umbilical vein inferior vena cava Aorta

Biology 3 Embryogenesis and Development

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