Identification Flow Charts Determinative Bacteriology

Identification flow charts Determinative Bacteriology GROUP 4 Description: Gram Negative, Aerobic/Microaerophilic rods and cocci Key differences are: pigments/fluorescent, motility, growth requirements, denitrification, morphology, and oxidase, read Genera descriptions Examples: Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Beijerinckia, Acetobacter GROUP 5 Description: Facultatively Anaerobic Gram negative rods Key differences are: growth factors, morph., gram rxn., oxidase rxn., read Genera descriptions Examples: Family Enterobacteriaceae and Vibrionaceae GROUP 17 Description: Gram-Positive Cocci Key differences are: oxygen requirements, morph., growth requirements (45¡C and supplements), read Genera descriptions Examples: Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Lactococcus, Aerococcus GROUP 18 Description: Endospore-Forming Gram positive rods and cocci Key differences are: oxygen requirements, motility, morph, catalase Examples: Bacillus, Clostridium GROUP 19 Description: Regular, Nonsporlating Gram positive rods Key differences are: morph., oxygen require, catalase Examples: Lactobacillus, Listeria GROUP 20 Description: Irregular, Nonsporlating Gram-positive rods Key differences are: catalase, motility, morph., read Genera descriptions Examples: Actinomyces, Corynebacterium, Arthrobacter, Propionibacterium GROUP 21 Description: Weakly Gram-Positive Nonsporlating Acid Fast Slender Rods Key differences are: acid fast, growth Examples: Mycobacterium 1 Identification flow charts Differentiation via Gram stains and cell morphology. Gram Stain & Morphological Flowchart Some Examples Gram Positive Cocci Bacilli Filamentous Round in clusters & tetrads: Staphylococcus Micrococcus Peptococcus Oval shape in Chains: Streptococcus Peptostreptococcus Enterococcus Club-shaped and/or in palisades: Corynebacterium Listeria Erysipelothrix Mycobacterium (Acid Fast) Propionobacterium Spore-bearing, large, uniform: Bacillus Clostridium Extensive branching: Actinomyces Arachnia Nocardia (partially acid-fast) Branching rudimentry or absent: Erysipelothrix Lactobacillus Eubacterium Streptomyces Gram Negative Cocci Neisseria Veillonella Bacilli Medium-sized cocco-bacillary: Acinetobacter Moraxella Tiny-coccobacillary: Brucella Bordetella Bacteroides Pleomorphic coccobacillary & filamentous: Haemophilus Bacteroides Pasteurella Francisella Actinobacillus Eikenella Cardiobacterium Flavobacterium 2 Exaggerated pointed ends: Fusobacterium nucleatum Coiled & sphero-plastic: Streptobacillus Fusobacterium Curved, comma-shaped: Vibrio Campylobacter Spirillium Uniformly Bacillary: Enterobacteriaceae Pseudomonas Aeromonas Alcaligenes Chromobacterium Identification flow charts Gram Positive Rods ID Flowchart Gram Positive Rods Bacillus spp. Clostrididium spp. Corynebacterium spp. Lactobacillus spp. Mycobacterium spp. Mycobacterium smegmatis Spore Forming + + - Bacillus spp. Clostridium spp Corynebacterium spp. Lactobacillus spp. Mycobacterium spp. Acid Fast Strict Anaerobes Corynebacterium spp Lactobacillus spp. - + Clostridium spp. Bacillus spp. You sure you have this? Go to Bergey's. See separate flowchart. Catalase + - Corynebacterium spp. Lactobacillus spp. Starch Hydrolysis Glucose Ferm. Activity + Corynebacterium kutsceri Acid Acid & Gas Corynebacterium xerosis Lactobacillus fermenti Lactobacillus casei Lactobacillus delbrueckii Mannitol + Lactobacillus casei 3 Lactobacillus delbrueckii Identification flow charts Bacillus spp. ID Flowchart Bacillus spp. B. subtilis B. cereus B. megaterium B. stearothermophilus B. polymyxa B. mycoides B. macerans B. thuringiensis B. macquariensis B. licheniformis B. lentus B. alvei B. anthracis B. alcalophilus B. coagulans B. brevis B. circulans B. firmus B. pantothenticus + (grows at 55¡C, rest no) (add creatine as catalyst w/ reagents) + B. subtilis B. cereus B. polymyxa B. mycoides B. thuringiensis B. licheniformis B. alvei B. anthracis B. coagulans - + (non-motile) (makes insecticidal protein) B. mycoides B. azotoformans B. larvae B. pasteurii B. megaterium B. stearothermophilus B. macerans B. pantothenticus B. macquariensis B. lentus B. alcalophilus B. badius B. brevis B. circulans (colony has a rhizoidal appearance) B. popilliae - Catalase (spore is not round, rest are) Swollen Cell Swollen Cell (containing spore) (containing spore) - B. stearothermophilus B. megaterium (growth at 55¡C-rest neg.) + (citrate pos.) B. macerans B. pantothenticus B. macquariensis B. lentus B. badius (citrate neg.) (oval spore, rest are round) B. insolitus (acid from glucose) B. marinus (acid from glucose) Nitrate Reduction 6.5% NaCl Growth + - B. sphaericus B. pasteurii B. laterosporus + - B. pasteurii B. sphaericus Citrate B. coagulans B. licheniformis B. subtilis B. larvae (gelatinase pos.) B. popilliae (gelatinase neg.) B. insolitus B. laterosporus B. pasteurii B. marinus B. sphaericus (catalase neg.-rest pos.) (Motile - It is this one ) - B. azotoformans B. alcalophilus B. brevis B. circulans B. cereus Citrate + + B. badius + B. subtilis B. polymyxa B. lichenifomis B. alvei B. coagulans (round spore, rest are oval) B. popilliae B. pasteurii B. lentimorbus B. azotoformans B. badius B. insolitus B. larvae B. laterosporus VP (the width) B. thuringiensis (VP is pos., rest are neg.) B. marinus B. sphaericus B. schlegelii - Cell Diamenter ! 1"m B. anthracis B. pumilus Starch Hydrolysis (amylase) B. polymyxa (manitol pos.) B. alvei (manitol neg.) - + B. macerans B. macquariensis B. alcalophilus B. brevis B. circulans B. pantothenticus (acid via arabinose neg.) B. circulans (acid via arabinose pos.) 6.5% NaCl Growth + B. subtilis - Acid from Arabinose - B. coagulans (no growth at 55¡C) B. licheniformis B. macquariensis (growth at 55¡C) (methyl red pos.) B. brevis (methyl red neg.) 4 B. macerans + (gas from glucose pos.) B. alcalophilus (gas from glucose neg., no growth < pH 7.0) B. circulans (gas from glucose neg., growth < pH 7.0) Identification flow charts Gram Positive Cocci ID Flowchart Gram Positive Cocci Catalase - + Micrococcus spp. Staphylococcus spp. Streptococcus spp. (see BergeyÕs) - Micrococcus spp. Staphylococcus spp. Streptococcus spp. Enterococcus spp. Bile Esculin (growth with esculin hydrolysis) Streptococcus pneumoniae Streptococcus mitis Streptococcus pyogenes Group A Streptococcus spp. Group B Enterococcus spp. Streptococcus spp. Enterococcus faecalis Enterococcus faecium Enterococcus hirae + Enterococcus mundtii Enterococcus spp. Streptococcus spp. Growth w/ Tellurite Gamma (!) Mannitol Fermentation Staphylococcus aureus + Hemolysis - + - Enterococcus faecalis Enterococcus faecium (mannitol pos., white colony) Staphylococcus spp. Micrococcus spp. Enterococcus hirae (mannitol neg.) Enterococcus mundtii (mannitol pos., yellow colony) Beta (") Yellow Pigment (Colony) Alpha (#) Streptococcus pyogenes Group A Streptococcus spp. Group B - + Micrococcus spp. Staphylococcus spp. Pyrrolidonearylamidase (PYR Test) Glucose Fermentation Streptococcus pneumoniae Streptococcus mitis Novobiocin Sensitivity + Micrococcus varians + Yes Streptococcus pyogenes Group A Staphylococcus epidermidis - Micrococcus luteus Streptococcus spp. Group B (Streptococcus agalactiae) No Staphylococcus saprophyticus Optochin Sensitivity Yes Streptococcus pneumoniae 5 No Streptococcus mitis Identification flow charts Gram Negative Rods ID Flowchart Gram Negative Rods Oxidase Test + Enterobacteriaceae (See Separate Flowchartt) Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Vibrio + Acid Vibrio spp., Aeromonas spp. - - Acid Pseudomonas spp. Glucose Fermentation Fluorescent Diffusible Yellow Pigment Na+ Required for Growth (Fluorescein)Ñuse Psuedo F Agar Aeromonas spp. - + + VP Vibrio spp. - + A. hydrophila A. salmonicida Luminescent Other Aeromonas spp. (See Bergey's) (subsp. masoucida) P. aeruginosa P. chlororaphis P. cichorii P. fluorescens P. putida P. syringae Other Pseudomonas spp. (See Bergey's) (Oxidase Neg.) A. sobria (no gas from glucose) A. veronii - + V. fischeri V. logei V. orientalis V. splendidius Non-Fluorescent Diffusible Blue Pigment Other Vibrio spp. (See Bergey's) (Pyocyanin)Ñuse Psuedo P Agar Motility Pigment + (Yellow Colony) A. hydrophila A. veronii + - V. fischeri V. logei V. orientalis V. splendidius A. salmonicida (subsp. masoucida) P. chlororaphis P. cichorii P. fluorescens P. putida P. syringae + P. aeruginosa H2S Production Nitrate Reduction + A. hydrophila 30¡C Growth + 37¡C Growth + V. fischeri A. veronii P. chlororaphis + V. logei V. orientalis (Colony Pigmented) P. fluorescens - (To differentiate Biovars do a lecithinase test) V. splendidius 6 P. putida (Lecithinase Neg.) P. syringae (Oxidase Neg.) P. cichorii (Lecithinase Pos.) Identification flow charts Family Enterobacteriaceae Lactose Positive ID Flowchart Family Enterobacteriaceae Lactose Fermentation + Citrobacter diversus Citrobacter freundii Enterobacter aerogenes Enterobacter cloacae Enterobacter amnigenus Enterobacter intermedius Erwinia carotovora Erwinia chrysanthemi Escherichia coli Klebsiella oxytoca Klebsiella pneumoniae See Lactose Negative Flowchart for Enterobacteriaceae (subsp. ozaenae and pneumoniae) Serratia fonticola Serratia rubidaea Indole The Rest + Citrobacter diversus Escherichia coli Erwinia chrysanthemi Klebsiella oxytoca MR-VP -/+ +/+ Klebsiella pneumoniae (subsp. pneumoniae) Enterobacter aerogenes Enterobacter cloacae Enterobacter amnigenus Erwinia carotovora Serratia rubidaea Enterobacter intermedius +/Citrobacter freundii Serratia fonticola Klebsiella pneumoniae Citrate (subsp. ozaenae) Lysine Decarboxylase - + - + Citrobacter diversus Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae Escherichia coli Non-motile, No Pigment (VP neg.) Erwinia chrysanthemi Enterobacter amnigenus Motile, Red pigment (VP and H2S pos.) Enterobacter cloacae Acid from sorbitol Serratia rubidaea No acid from sorbitol Enterobacter aerogenes H2S Production Klebsiella oxytoca (VP pos and H2S neg.) Motile, No pigment ?? Erwinia carotovora Lysine unknown but Gelatinase positive; none above are positive. - + Citrobacter freundii Serratia fonticola Motility pos. Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. ozaenae Motility neg. 7 Identification flow charts Family Enterobacteriaceae Lactose Negative ID Flowchart Family Enterobacteriaceae Continued Lactose Negative Flow Chart Edwardsiella tarda Erwinia cacticida Morganella morganii Proteus mirabilis Proteus penneri Proteus vulgaris Providencia stuartii Salmonella bongori Salmonella enterica Edwardsiella tarda Morganella morganii Proteus vulgaris Providencia stuartii Serratia marcescens Serratia liquefaciens Shigella spp. (boydii, dysenteriae, flexneri) Shigella sonnei Yersinia enterocolitica Yersinia pestis Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Erwinia cacticida Proteus mirabilis Proteus penneri Salmonella bongori Salmonella enterica Serratia marcescens Serratia liquefaciens Shigella sonnei Yersinia pestis Yersinia pseudotuberculosis - + Indole Test Urease + ?? Please See BergeyÕs to ID: Shigella spp. Erwinia cacticida Salmonella bongori Salmonella enterica Serratia marcescens Serratia liquefaciens Shigella sonnei Yersinia pestis Proteus mirabilis Ornithine decarb. pos. (boydii, dysenteriae, flexneri) Proteus penneri Yersinia enterocolitica Ornithine decarb. neg., motile H 2S Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Ornithine decarb. neg., non-motile - + Edwardsiella tarda Proteus vulgaris Morganella morganii Providencia stuartii Motility + - Erwinia cacticida Shigella sonnei Yersinia pestis (lysine decarb. neg., the rest pos.) Urease Salmonella bongori Salmonella choleraesuis Serratia marcescens Serratia liquefaciens Ornithine Decarboxylase + + Proteus vulgaris Providencia stuartii - Edwardsiella tarda Ornithine Decarboxylase Morganella morganii H2 S + - + Salmonella bongori Serratia marcescens KCN growth pos. Red pigment Salmonella enterica KCN growth neg. Serratia liquefaciens No Red pigment (It is this one) 8 Shigella sonnei Yersinia pestis