Chapter 3 - Database Systems and Big Data

Name : Clas s: Dat e: Chapter 3 - Database Systems and Big Data True / False 1. A database, a database management system, and the application programs that use the data, make up a database environment. a. True b. Fals e ANSWER: True 2. A field is typically a name, number, or combination of characters that describes an aspect of a business object. a. True b. Fals e ANSWER: True 3. A collection of data fields that are all related to one object, activity, or individual is called a file. a. True b. Fals e ANSWER: Fals e 4. An attribute is a general class of people, places, or things for which data is collected, stored, and maintained. a. True b. Fals e ANSWER: Fals e 5. If "color" is an attribute, then "green" is a data item. a. True b. Fals e ANSWER: True 6. Two sets of fields can have a common primary key. a. True b. Fals e ANSWER: Fals e 7. The database approach to managing data is superior to the file-based approach. a. True b. Fals Page 1 Name : Clas s: Dat e: Chapter 3 - Database Systems and Big Data e ANSWER: True 8. Today, most organizations use the traditional approach to data management, where multiple information systems share a pool of related data. a. True b. Fals e ANSWER: Fals e 9. DBMSs are used primarily for modeling data. a. True b. Fals e ANSWER: Fals e 10. A database must reflect the business processes of an organization. a. True b. Fals e ANSWER: True 11. Two of the major challenges business users face when using big data are finding the information they need to make decisions and knowing that the data they have is valid. a. True b. Fals e ANSWER: True 12. An enterprise data model is created only for documentation, but is otherwise inconsequential. a. True b. Fals e ANSWER: Fals e 13. The relational model describes data using a standard tabular format; all data elements are placed in three-dimensional tables called relations, which are the logical equivalent of files. a. True b. Fals e ANSWER: Fals e Page 2 Name : Clas s: Dat e: Chapter 3 - Database Systems and Big Data 14. A relational model splits the information up into many two dimensional data structures. a. True b. Fals e ANSWER: True 15. In the context of the relational database model, selecting involves combining two or more tables. a. True b. Fals e ANSWER: Fals e 16. In the context of the relational database model, projecting involves eliminating columns in a table. a. True b. Fals e ANSWER: True 17. One of the primary advantages of a relational database is that it allows tables to be linked to reduce data redundancy and allow data to be organized more logically. a. True b. Fals e ANSWER: True 18. The relational database model is currently the most widely used. a. True b. Fals e ANSWER: True 19. A database management system (DBMS) serves as an interface between an application program and a database. a. True b. Fals e ANSWER: True 20. Some of the key factors in database design are content, access, structure, archiving, and security. a. True b. Fals e ANSWER: True 21. A database administrator (DBA) is an important nontechnical position responsible for defining and implementing Page 3 Name : Clas s: Dat e: Chapter 3 - Database Systems and Big Data consistent principles for a variety of data issues, including setting data standards and data definitions that apply across all the databases in an organization. a. True b. Fals e ANSWER: Fals e 22. A database administrator (DBA) must have a clear understanding of the fundamental business of an organization, be proficient in the use of selected database management systems, and stay abreast of emerging technologies and new design approaches. a. True b. Fals e ANSWER: True 23. Unstructured data comes from sources such as word-processing documents and scientific research. a. True b. Fals e ANSWER: True 24. Suppose a manager wishes to analyze historical trends in sales. He would use the online transaction processing (OLTP) system. a. True b. Fals e ANSWER: Fals e 25. For each data item, a data dictionary usually contains information such as the name of the data item, the range of values that can be used, and the amount of storage needed for the item. a. True b. Fals e ANSWER: True 26. Data modeling usually involves setting a specific business goal and then analyzing the data and information needed to reach that goal. a. True b. Fals e ANSWER: Fals e 27. Carlos is working with an existing database, but he wants to eliminate some of the columns in the table to create a Page 4 Name : Clas s: Dat e: Chapter 3 - Database Systems and Big Data new, more streamlined database. He will use projection to create his new database. a. True b. Fals e ANSWER: True 28. Sometimes a database can contain "bad data," meaning incomplete, incorrect, inaccurate, or irrelevant records, which can be corrected or deleted through data cleansing. a. True b. Fals e ANSWER: True 29. Organizations can collect many types of data from a wide variety of sources, but typically they only collect structured data that fits neatly into traditional relational database management systems. a. True b. Fals e ANSWER: Fals e Multiple Choice 30. Which of the following statements is true of a database? b.It provides an essential foundation for an a.It is accessed primarily for use by an organization’s database administrator organization’s knowledge management and and data administrator. artificial intelligence systems. c.It is a collection of unstructured data. d.It helps companies analyze information to open new market opportunities. ANSWER: d 31. The smallest piece of data used by a computer is a(n) _____. a. entit b. byte y c. bit d. characte r ANSWER: c 32. A database is a collection of integrated and related _____. a. fields b. attributes d. files c. record s ANSWER: d 33. A collection of fields all related to a single object, activity, or individual is a(n) _____. a. record b. file Page 5 Name : Clas s: Dat e: Chapter 3 - Database Systems and Big Data c. attribut e ANSWER: a d. characte r 34. A(n) _____ is a field or set of fields in a record that uniquely identifies the record. a. attribute b. entity c. primary d. data key item ANSWER: c 35. _____ is an approach that starts by investigating the general data and information needs of an organization at the strategic level and then examines more specific data and information needs for the functional areas and departments within the organization. a. Data selecting b. Enterprise data modeling c. Data d. Social graph analysis cleansing ANSWER: b 36. Each attribute in a relational database model can be constrained to a range of allowable values called a _____. b. scope a. bandwidt h c. slot d. domain ANSWER: d 37. The action of including only some columns for output while retrieving data is known as ____. a. selecting b. joinin g d. linkin c. projectin g g ANSWER: c 38. For the ____ operation, it is required that the the two tables have a common attribute. a. delete b. select c. project d. join ANSWER: d 39. In the _____ process, all of the data from various sources is converted into a single format suitable for processing. b. transform a. extrac t c. load d. consolidat e ANSWER: a 40. _____ is a special-purpose programming language for accessing and manipulating data stored in a relational database. Page 6 Name : Clas s: Dat e: Chapter 3 - Database Systems and Big Data a. Query by Example (QBE) c. Structured Query Language (SQL) ANSWER: c b. Access d. Java 41. Suppose you wish to find what tables are in a database, what fields they have, and how they are related you would review the _____. a. SQL commands b. attributes c. schema d. sample data ANSWER: c 42. A ______ is a collection of instructions and commands used to define and describe data and relationships in a specific database. a. data dictionary b. schema d. data manipulation language c. data definition language ANSWER: c 43. The position of a _____ is a non-technical position responsible for defining and implementing consistent principles for setting data standards and data definitions that apply across all the databases in an organization. a. data analyst b. data administrator c. database d. data owner administrator ANSWER: b 44. You would use Query by Example, if _____. a. you wish to use a visual approach to query building c. you use a template for reports ANSWER: a b. you build a query from an example d. wish teach SQL with examples 45. With _____, the database is stored on a service provider’s server and accessed by the client over a network, typically the Internet. a. Internet access b. Database as a Service c. Software as a d. Oracle Service ANSWER: b 46. _____ is the term used to describe enormous and complex data collections that traditional data management software, hardware, and analysis processes are incapable of handling. a. Data b. Data mart warehouse c. Big data d. Knowledge base Page 7 Name : Clas s: Dat e: Chapter 3 - Database Systems and Big Data ANSWER: c 47. Starting from monthly sales data, if you wish to get weekly sales data, use the ___ feature. a. roll up b. drill down d. extract c. slice and dice data ANSWER: b 48. A _____ is a subset of a data warehouse that is used by small- and medium-sized businesses and departments within large companies to support decision making. a. data b. data dictionary model c. data mart d. data mine ANSWER: c 49. Suppose a new tech startup wants to define the data model. They would then ____. a. collect and cleanse the data b. define user access privileges d. acquire a new database management system c. create the entity-relationship model ANSWER: c 50. After entering data into a relational database, users can make all of the following basic data manipulations except: b. organizing a. projectin g c. selecting d. joining ANSWER: b 51. To ensure reliability and integrity, SQL databases conform to four specific properties. Which of the following is one of those four properties? a. b. atomicit durabilit y y c. isolation d. currency ANSWER: d 52. Haley's employer has asked her to review tens of thousands of social media posts about their company's products and compile this data into a database. In terms of the characteristics of big data, Haley is dealing with ________. a. volume b. variety c. velocity d. veracity ANSWER: b 53. Kyle works for National Sporting Goods, where he manages critical data elements, such as identifying and acquiring new data sources, creating consistent reference data, and analyzing data for quality. Kyle is a _______. a. data steward b. data administrator Page 8 Name : Clas s: Dat e: Chapter 3 - Database Systems and Big Data c. database administrator ANSWER: a d. data manager 54. At Coast-to-Coast Moving and Van Lines, Ryan is responsible for managing the flow of the company's data, from initial acquisition of new data to deletion of old, outdated data. Ryan is involved in ___________. a. data stewardship b. data lifecycle management d. data management c. database administration ANSWER: b Completion 55. Most of the data that an organization must deal with is _____ data, meaning that it is not organized in any predefined manner. ANSWER: unstructured 56. mySQL is a popular ____________. ANSWER: Database management system DBMS database program database software 57. Together, bits, characters, fields, records, files, and databases form the ______. ANSWER: hierarchy of data 58. If you wish to develop expertise in database management, you must learn popular language known as ______. ANSWER: SQL Structured query language system query language 59. A(n) _____ is a field or set of fields that uniquely identify a record. ANSWER: primary key 60. The ____ model database makes it easy to develop queries that involve joining two tables. ANSWER: relational 61. Data modeling done at the level of an entire enterprise is called _____. ANSWER: enterprise data modeling 62. ______ use basic graphical symbols to show an organization of and relationships between data. ANSWER: Entity-relationship (ER) diagrams Page 9 Name : Clas s: Dat e: Chapter 3 - Database Systems and Big Data 63. The _____ model has become the most popular database model. ANSWER: relational 64. In the relational database model, each row of a table represents a(n) _____. ANSWER: entity entity instance 65. Oracle, IBM DB2, Microsoft SQL Server, Microsoft Access, MySQL, and Sybas are databases based on the _____ model. ANSWER: relational 66. In a relational database model, the range of allowable values for a data attribute is called its _____. ANSWER: domain 67. In a relational database model, _____ involves combining two or more tables. ANSWER: joinin g 68. _____ is the process of detecting and then correcting or deleting incomplete, incorrect, inaccurate, irrelevant records that reside in a database. ANSWER: Data cleansing 69. Suppose we have a table that stores student data. In that table we have a field - Student ID - that uniquely identifies each student. This field is known as the ____. ANSWER: primary key key field 70. A(n) _____ is a collection of instructions and commands used to define and describe data and relationships in a specific database. ANSWER: data definition language (DDL) 71. A(n) _____ is a detailed description of all data used in a database. ANSWER: data dictionary 72. _____ is a method of dealing with a situation in which two or more users or applications need to access the same record at the same time. ANSWER: Concurrency control 73. A _____ provides a means to store and retrieve data that is modeled using some means other than the simple twodimensional tabular relations used in relational databases. ANSWER: noSQL database 74. The _____ is a specific language, provided with a database management system (DBMS) that allows users to access and modify the data, to make queries, and to generate reports. Page 10 Name : Clas s: Dat e: Chapter 3 - Database Systems and Big Data ANSWER: data manipulation language (DML) 75. A major advantage of NoSQL databases is the ability to spread data over multiple servers so that each server contains only a subset of the total data, a characteristic that is known as _____ ANSWER: horizontal scaling capability 76. A(n) ______ is an individual responsible for defining and implementing consistent principles for a variety of data issues. ANSWER: data administrator 77. In the context of a database management system (DBMS), a(n) _____ interacts with other programs or applications and only indirectly interacts with people or users. ANSWER: back-end application 78. A(n) _____ is a database management system that stores the entire database in random access memory (RAM). ANSWER: in-memory database (IMDB) 79. While building a data warehouse, you are converting dates to months. This second step in the ETL process is known as ______. ANSWER: Transform transformation 80. If an organization is taking a "store everything" approach to data, it will save all the data in its raw and unaltered form in a _____. ANSWER: data lake 81. _______ is an open-source software framework that includes several software modules that provide a means for storing and processing extremely large data sets. ANSWER: Hadoop Essay 82. Briefly describe the hierarchy of data. ANSWERData is generally organized in a hierarchy that begins with the smallest piece of data : used by computers (a bit) and progresses through the hierarchy to a database. A bit (a binary digit) represents a circuit that is either on or off. Bits can be organized into units called bytes. A byte is typically eight bits. Each byte represents a character, which is the basic building block of most information. Characters are put together to form a field. A field is typically a name, number, or combination of characters that describes an aspect of a business object or activity. A collection of data fields all related to one object, activity, or individual is called a record. A collection of related records is a file. At the highest level of the data hierarchy is a database, a collection of integrated and related files. Together, bits, characters, fields, records, files, Page 11 Name : Clas s: Dat e: Chapter 3 - Database Systems and Big Data and databases form the hierarchy of data. 83. Briefly describe the relational database model. ANSWERThe relational database model describes data using a standard tabular format; all data : elements are placed in two-dimensional tables called relations, which are the logical equivalent of files. The tables in relational databases organize data in rows and columns, simplifying data access and manipulation. In the relational model, each row of a table represents a data entity or record. Each column represents an attribute or field. After entering data into a relational database, users can make inquiries and analyze data through use of the selecting, projecting, and joining functions. Selecting involves removing rows according to certain criteria. Projecting involves eliminating columns in a table. Joining involves combining two or more tables. 84. Explain entity-relationship (ER) diagrams. ANSWEREntity-relationship (ER) diagrams use basic graphical symbols to show an organization : of and relationships between data. In other words, ER diagrams show data items in tables (entities) and the ways they are related. ER diagrams help ensure that the relationships among the data entities in a database are correctly structured so that any application programs developed are consistent with business operations and user needs. In addition, ER diagrams can serve as reference documents after a database is in use. If changes are made to the database, ER diagrams help design them. 85. Define the role of a database administrator and of a data administrator, and explain the difference between the two. ANSWERBased on their understanding of business users' needs, database administrators apply : database programming languages to craft a set of databases to meet those needs. Database administrators are also responsible for testing, evaluating, changing, improving, securing, monitoring, and maintaining those databases. DBAs focus on creating and maintaining databases, while the data administrator, on the other hand, focuses on how the databases are used within the organization. A data administrator defines and implements consistent principles for a variety of data issues, and works with managers to identify who is able to read and update the databases. 86. Define the terms data management and data governance, and explain how organizations are using them to address the challenges of big data. ANSWERBig data presents many challenges to organizations trying to use this information to : make sound business decisions. There is a tremendous volume of data now available, and it comes from a variety of structured and unstructured sources. Many people are concerned about the ethical and legal issues related to acquiring and retaining so much data—much of it very personal in nature—as well as the security risks involved. Organizations are now expected to comply with a lot of new legislation related to big data. As a result, many organizations have placed a high priority on data management, meaning the integrated set of functions that defines the processes by which data is obtained, certified, stored, secured, and processed. The goal is to ensure accessibility, reliability, and timeliness. Data governance is the core component of data management, as it defines the roles, responsibilities, and processes for ensuring that data can be trusted and used by the entire organization. Data governance puts people in place who are responsible for fixing and preventing issues with data. Page 12 Name : Clas s: Dat e: Chapter 3 - Database Systems and Big Data Page 13