Ch 29 - Trauma Systems and Mechanism of Injury Part 2

39. All of the following statements regarding front air bags are correct, EXCEPT: A) Small children riding in the front seat can be killed when the air bag deploys. B) Air bags will provide protection from both initial and secondary impacts. C) Without the use of a seat belt, front air bags are insufficient in preventing ejection. D) Front air bags will not activate in side impacts or impacts to the front quarter panel. Ans: B Page: 1493 Type: General Knowledge 40. Common air bag-related injuries include: A) spinal fractures. B) minor skin burns. C) hyperflexion injuries. D) abdominal abrasions. Ans: B Page: 1493 Type: General Knowledge 41. Lap belts that are worn alone and too high by a pregnant woman: A) usually do not injure the fetus because the uterus is a highly muscular organ. B) will provide adequate protection for the uterus if the air bag properly deploys. C) allow enough forward flexion and subsequent compression to rupture the uterus. D) will provide equal distribution of forces and prevent forward flexion of the mother. Ans: C Page: 1494 Type: General Knowledge 42. Structural protection afforded to a motorcycle rider during a crash comes from: A) protective gear worn by the rider. B) the main frame of the motorcycle. C) side foot pedals and the handlebars. D) the handlebars and large engine block. Ans: A Page: 1494 Type: General Knowledge 43. A properly worn motorcycle helmet will: A) not protect the cervical spine. B) eliminate the risk of head trauma. C) decrease the risk of a spinal injury. D) minimize the trauma caused by secondary impacts. Ans: A Page: 1494 Type: General Knowledge 44. Following a head-on collision of a motorcycle and a truck, the motorcyclist would MOST likely experience initial injury to the: A) cervical spine. B) chest and abdomen. C) wrists and forearms. D) femurs and tibias. Ans: D Page: 1495 Type: General Knowledge 45. After a motorcyclist is ejected from his or her motorcycle, secondary collisions: A) most commonly involve a stationary object. B) cause an unpredictable combination of blunt injuries. C) typically cause bilateral fractures of the femurs and tibias. D) result in less severe injuries if the rider is wearing leather. Ans: B Page: 1495 Type: General Knowledge 46. When an adult pedestrian is struck by a motor vehicle, lateral and posterior injuries are most common because: A) the patient is thrust onto the hood of the vehicle. B) adults tend to turn to the side or away from the impact. C) the patient is thrown and lands on his or her side or back. D) the initial impact by the bumper spins the patient to the side. Ans: B Page: 1495 Type: General Knowledge 47. The second impact that occurs when an adult pedestrian is struck by a motor vehicle would MOST likely result in injuries to the: A) head and neck. B) hips and knees. C) pelvis and chest. D) lower extremities. Ans: C Page: 1496 Type: General Knowledge 48. Unlike adults, children who are struck by a motor vehicle are MORE likely to: A) be run over by the vehicle as they are propelled to the ground. B) experience injuries to the lower extremities from the initial impact. C) be propelled onto the hood of the vehicle during the second impact. D) turn away from the oncoming vehicle, resulting in posterior trauma. Ans: A Page: 1496 Type: General Knowledge 49. According to the Waddell triad, the second impact from a motor vehicle occurs when the: A) head strikes the ground, resulting in skull and facial fractures. B) car's bumper strikes the pelvis and femurs instead of the knees. C) child is run over by the car as he or she is propelled to the ground. D) chest and abdomen strike the grille or low on the hood of the car. Ans: D Page: 1496 Type: General Knowledge 50. When a person falls from a significant height and lands on his or her feet, axial loading results in: A) compression or burst fractures to the lumbar spine. B) shearing injuries to the liver, spleen, and aorta. C) crushing injuries to the heels and hip dislocations. D) disc injuries to the lower cervical and upper thoracic spine. Ans: A Page: 1497 Type: General Knowledge 51. The MOST significant fall occurs from a height greater than: A) 10 feet. B) 15 feet. C) 1.5 times the patient's height. D) 2 times the patient's height. Ans: B Page: 1496 Type: General Knowledge 52. Unlike blunt trauma, penetrating trauma: A) is especially common during the primary blast injury following an explosion. B) often causes damage to a large body surface area, even from a single projectile. C) involves a disruption of the skin and underlying tissues in a small, focused area. D) is usually more fatal because of the severe external bleeding that accompanies it. Ans: C Page: 1497 Type: General Knowledge 53. Which of the following factors is the LEAST influential in the severity of a stab wound? A) The size of the attacker B) The anatomic area involved C) The length of the knife blade D) The angle of penetration Ans: A Page: 1498 Type: General Knowledge 54. Compared to stab wounds to the posterior part of the body, stab wounds to the anterior part of the body are generally: A) downward. B) single. C) multiple. D) upward. Ans: D Page: 1498 Type: General Knowledge 55. If a person survives the initial trauma from a shotgun wound at close range: A) nervous system damage is likely due to the internal dispersal of the pellets. B) contaminants that were driven into the wound can cause a severe infection. C) he or she typically dies within 24 hours secondary to liver or renal failure. D) it is likely that only soft tissue was injured and major organs were spared. Ans: B Page: 1498 Type: General Knowledge 56. Compared to a handgun, a rifle: A) is less accurate. B) fires a single projectile. C) fires at a higher velocity. D) has less powerful ammunition. Ans: C Page: 1498 Type: General Knowledge 57. Which of the following general statements regarding gunshot wounds is correct? A) The most important factor for the seriousness of a gunshot wound is the type of tissue through which the projectile passes. B) Injuries from a shotgun blast are most devastating when the distance between the gun and the target is less than 100 yards. C) Wounds to lower extremities that are not associated with a fracture or neurovascular compromise are always explored surgically. D) Tissue of high elasticity, such as muscle, is less able to tolerate temporary cavitation than tissue of low elasticity, such as the liver. Ans: A Page: 1498 Type: General Knowledge 58. Which of the following characteristics of an entry wound indicates that the weapon was fired at close range? A) Abrasions around the wound B) Indentation of cutaneous tissues C) Severe bleeding from the wound D) Tattoo marks from powder burns Ans: D Page: 1498 Type: General Knowledge 59. Which of the following statements regarding exit wounds is correct? A) Exit wounds occur when the projectile's energy is not entirely dissipated along its trajectory through the body. B) Compared to entrance wounds, exit wounds are generally much smaller and typically have regular edges. C) Despite fragmentation of the projectile, there is usually only one exit wound for each round that is fired. D) With low-velocity gunshot wounds, the exit wound is always a mirror image of the entrance wound. Ans: A Page: 1499 Type: General Knowledge 60. During an explosion, secondary blast injuries occur when: A) hollow organs rupture due to the pressure wave. B) the patient is thrown against a stationary object. C) the patient sustains severe burns from the intense heat. D) the patient is struck by flying debris, such as shrapnel. Ans: D Page: 1500 Type: General Knowledge 61. Which of the following statements regarding primary blast injuries is correct? A) Primary blast injuries are typically the most obvious injuries. B) Primary blast injuries are the most easily overlooked. C) Primary blast injuries are the result of flying glass or shrapnel. D) Primary blast injuries are due entirely to intense heat. Ans: B Page: 1501 Type: General Knowledge 62. The peak magnitude of the pressure wave experienced by a person: A) causes secondary and tertiary injuries as a result of the explosion. B) will cause less severe trauma if the person is standing beside a solid object. C) lessens as the person is farther away from the center of the explosion. D) causes more severe trauma if the person is in an open area during the explosion. Ans: C Page: 1501 Type: General Knowledge 63. The shock wave velocity from an explosion is slower and its duration is longer if a person is: A) closer to the explosion. B) standing behind a solid object. C) farther from the explosion. D) standing beside a solid object. Ans: C Page: 1501 Type: General Knowledge 64. Which of the following organs is LEAST susceptible to pressure changes caused by an explosion? A) Liver B) Lungs C) Tympanic membrane D) Gastrointestinal tract Ans: A Page: 1502 Type: General Knowledge 65. A vagus nerve-mediated form of cardiogenic shock without compensatory vasoconstriction that may be seen following a blast injury would MOST likely present with: A) syncope and hypertension. B) hypertension and bradycardia. C) hypotension and tachycardia. D) bradycardia and hypotension. Ans: D Page: 1502 Type: General Knowledge