Chapter 2: ● The formula to determine an object's average rate of movement is ______. ○ distance/time ● Ma = mega-annum ○ Millions of years before present ● Ga = giga-annum ○ Billions of years before present ● Rank the main chapters of Earth history according to their start date. ○ Cenozoic ■ 66 Ma to Present ■ Most recent era in earth’s history ○ Mesozoic ■ 252 Ma to 66 Ma ■ Largely coincides with the time when dinosaurs roamed the planet ○ Paleozoic ■ 541 Ma to 252 Ma ■ Began with the appearance of many shelled creatures and ended with a widespread extinction event ○ Precambrian ■ 4,500 Ma to 541 Ma ○ GEOLOGIC TIMESCALE ● How much something changed divided by the time required for the change to occur is a measurement of ○ Rate ● Any remains, trace, or imprint of a plant or animal that has been preserved from some past geologic or prehistoric time is a(n) ○ Fossil ■ Leaf impression ■ Mammoth bone ■ Dinosaur footprint ■ Clam shell ● Identify the items that are consistent with the determination of a rock's numeric age. ○ Actual age of the rock in thousands, millions, or billions of years ○ Measuring the ratio of K atoms to Ar atoms ○ Investigating natural radioactive decay ● Which of the following might represent a valid and precise observation for a geologist? ○ Compass orientation of properties of a rock layer ○ The temperature of a lava flow ○ Measurement of the thickness of a sedimentary rock bed ● The actual age of a rock or event is its ______ age. ○ Numeric ● Which of the following shows the correct order for a scientific explanation? ○ Observation - question - hypotheses - predictions - results of investigation conclusions ● How does an observation become valid? ○ A series of specific measurements is made, repeated, and recorded. ● Scientific reasoning ○ Abductive ■ Drawing a conclusion from incomplete information ○ Deductive ■ Applying a general rule to a phenomenon ○ Inductive ■ Using a series of examples to create a general rule ● An expansive, conceptual framework that describes a natural phenomenon is a ○ Theory ● Geologists primarily use telescopes, high-resolution imaging devices, and remote probes to study ○ Inaccessible places ● Geologists find energy and mineral resources by ○ exploring the sequence and geometry of surface rock layers ○ establishing the conditions that deposited surface rock layers ○ drilling down into Earth's surface and examining collected samples ● Which of the following are possible explanations for the formation of the Meteor Crater? ○ Large meteoroid collision ○ Rising mass of salt that was subsequently dissolved ○ Volcanic explosion ● Scientific theories are ○ expansive in describing natural phenomena ○ subject to scrutiny ● Which of the following are ways in which a modern geologist might study Earth? ○ By using remote-sensing equipment to explore areas that cannot be seen directly ○ By doing field studies and directly sampling evidence ○ By using laboratory equipment to make careful measurements ● Which of the following tools are used by geologists to study inaccessible places? ○ Telescopes ○ High-resolution imaging devices ○ Remote probes ● If a geologist aimed to ______, he or she would likely examine the sequence and geometry of crustal rock layers and the conditions that deposited each layer. ○ locate energy and mineral resources

Geology Quiz Answers Chapter 2

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