University:
Eastern Kentucky University
Course:
HIS 100 | World Topics to 1500
Academic year:

2021
Views:

170

Pages:

2
Author:

Leland Mcdonald

● - World History Unit 4 Review Development and expansion of maritime empires Europe Europe became dominant power Advancement and creation of technology Fluyt, caravel, carrick were much nimbler merchant ships Lateen sail allowed sailors to harness winds on both sides of boat Astrolabe, magnetic compass, charts Europeans wanted to search for a new sea route to Asia because Muslims controlled most land-based trade routes. Christopher Columbus landed in the Caribbean Islands, sparking the Columbian Exchange ● Columbian Exchange ➔ Disease - Europeans brought smallpox to the natives ➔ Food and Animals - Europe introduced sugar and horses to the Americas - Americas exchanged potatoes, maize, and guinea pigs to Europe ➔ Atlantic Slave Trade - Climate in the Americas was ideal for agriculture but the native americans kept running away. - Resorted to the importation of enslaved people from Africa ➢ Chattel Slavery - People became property of those who bought them ● Slavery systems ➔ Encomienda systems - Spanish conquistadors were responsible for protecting a group of natives. In exchange, the natives were forced to work their lands. ➔ Hacienda system - Spanish landowners turned land grants into huge plantations, and forced natives to work ➔ Mit’a system - Coerced labor for public projects for a certain amount of time for private gain. ➔ Indentured servitude - British people contracted labor for 7 years. - Africans weren’t as susceptible to European diseases because they’ve been through Afro-Eurasia ● Economics ➔ Mercantilism - Fixed amount of wealth; pie analogy - Led to intense rivalries among European powers ➔ Colonial establishment - Countries needed raw materials to supply trade, so they founded colonies. ➢ Trading Post Empire - Portuguese established land along the African coast, and became a major player in the Indian Ocean network. - Colonies served the mother country ➔ Joint-Stock Companies - Private investors shared the financial burden of exploration and shared profits and losses. ● ➔ - Social Changes Casta System Peninsulares (born in Europe) Criollos (Europeans born in the Americas) Castas Mestizos (European and indigenous) Mulattos (European and African) Zambos (Indigenous and African) Indigenous African