Chapter I: The Old Slavery and the New How does the profitability of slavery compare with that of other illegal enterprises? The third most profitable criminal enterprise after drugs and guns. Why would slave holders abuse their slaves? Maintain control What proportion of slaves are freed each year because of the actions of an average person? 1/3 On average how long do slaves in America stay in bondage? Four to five years in bondage How do slaves in America today compare with those in America before the civil war? 1800s: law sanctioned slavery, slaves = status, primarily African-American, $40,000 Today: illegal, slaves = hidden, all races, types & ethnicities, few hundred dollars About how many people are trafficked into the U.S. each year? 14,500 – 17,500 About what percent of slave cases are solved each year by having criminal charges brought? 1% What point in U.S. history was a time when there were no slaves? No point in U.S. history has there been no slaves. After the American Revolution, how did Congress respond to the issue of slavery and what was the result? Congress passed laws banning the international slave trade, leaving the institution of slavery intact; however, they did little to enforce these laws. What happened to slavery after the Civil War and the passage of the 13th Amendment? Even if it was illegal, slavery still continued on a smaller scale. What were the “Black Codes” and what did they do? Laws controlling every aspect of former slaves’ lives. What is “peonage?” What forms did it take? Peonage: a simple form of debt bondage slavery with two forms: violations inflicted upon slaves due to the law on the farmers’ side, & slaves coerced into signing contracts. What was the Mann Act? Aka White Slave Traffic Act, 1910, from Mann, federal government could prosecute anyone who transported women into forced prostitution. What is the most prominent form of slavery in the U.S. today? Forced Prostitution, then Agriculture What are the essential criteria for knowing if someone is a slave, and which is most important? 1. Complete control of one person by another through violence 2. Hard labor for little or no pay 3. Economic exploitation MOST IMPORTANT: violent control -> loss of free will How do people typically enter into slavery in the U.S.? By volunteering Which foreign country seems to provide the largest number of slaves in the U.S.? China About what percentage of trafficking victims in the U.S. are children? 50%