Self-theories Answer Key

1) Self-theories emphasize the: a) b) c) d) integration of unique experiences with the needs of the community. social forces that limit or expand a person's choices. life-affirming involvement in the present core self or the search to maintain integrity and identity. i) core self or the search to maintain integrity and identity. 2) A NORC is: a. neighborhood that naturally becomes a retirement community. b. community designed for older adults. c. retirement community. d. retirement home. a) a neighborhood that naturally becomes a retirement community. 3) People's tendency to recount with pride their past experiences of getting away with something like skipping school is called: a) despair. b) "sucker to saint" phenomenon. c) integrity. d) identity recall. i) "sucker to saint" phenomenon. 4) A problem with retirement is that: a) older adults spend most of their time in seclusion, not being able to adjust. b) people have not planned how to spend their retirement time. c) people have not planned their retirement age. d) people retire too early. i) people have not planned how to spend their retirement time. 5) The theory that holds that the elderly seek to remain actively involved with relatives, friends, and community groups is called _____ theory. a) Identity b) Disengagement c) Activity d) Age-separation i) activity 6) The percentage of older people who volunteer in political campaigns is about _____ percent. a) 2 b) 4 c) 12 d) 20 i) 2 7) Theories of late adulthood that focus on an individual's perceptions of themselves and their ability to meet challenges to their identity are called _____ theories. a) Self b) Cluster c) Integrity d) Stratification i) self 8) As compared with other groups, elder participation in the labor force is _____ among nonunionized low-wage workers and _____ among professionals. a) lower, lower b) higher; higher c) lower; higher d) higher; lower i) higher; higher 9) Stratification theories are characterized by: a) cognitive development of one's awareness. b) psychoanalytic influences. c) social forces and cultural influences that limit individual choice and direct life. d) genetic forces and individual factors that direct life. i) social forces and cultural influences that limit individual choice and direct life. 10) In the United States, the LOWEST rate of volunteerism can be found among people ages: a) 16 to 24. b) 25 to 34. c) 55 to 64. d) 35 to 44. i) 16 to 24 11) According to the socioemotional selectivity theory, recently retired Joyce will likely seek familiar social contacts that reinforce all of the following EXCEPT: a) Joy. b) Generativity. c) Memory. d) Pride. i) memory. 12) People ages 16 to 24 have the _____ rate of volunteerism in the United States. a) Lowest b) Second-highest c) Highest d) Second-lowest i) lowest 13) Madge best remembers the good times in her life and does not talk much about the difficult or bad times. Psychologists refer to this as the: a) continuity effect. b) positivity effect. c) optimal factor. d) happiness factor. i) positivity effect. 14) Who is MOST likely to be a registered voter? a) Randy, age 44 b) Myra, age 35 c) Karen, age 50 d) Frank, age 68 i) Frank, age 68 15) Professor Shapiro is your life-span development instructor. One day in class, he discusses his belief that many older people withdraw from others because of their past stratification and that, if they were to engage in activities with others, it would make life more gratifying and promote the positivity effect. Professor Shapiro is supporting _____ theory. a) Age-growth b) Identity c) Disengagement d) Activity i) activity 16) Even though Evelyn has just retired, she still continues to set personal goals, assess her abilities and figure out how to accomplish her goals despite limitations in her physical abilities. Evelyn's actions are an example of: a) positivity theory. b) selective optimization with compensation. c) the "sucker to saint" phenomenon. d) socioemotional selectivity theory. i) selective optimization with compensation. 17) Which statement about the "sucker to saint" phenomenon is FALSE a) In recounting their past, most people look back at the foolish things they did, such as taking drugs, with feelings of shame. b) Distorting the past by looking back on past foolish experiences with pride is healthy and protects against a loss of hope. c) Interpreting past events, even foolish experiences, as a sign of nobility is a healthy distortion and protects against a loss of hope. d) In recounting their past, people regret all former decisions that do not suit their current lifestyle. i) In recounting their past, most people look back at the foolish things they did, such as taking drugs, with feelings of shame. 18) Preserving the self is crucial to older adults. This explains such behaviors as: a) refusing to have necessary surgery. b) throwing away precious objects. c) moving to a smaller, safer home. d) giving up driving. i) refusing to have necessary surgery. 19) Sixty-six-year-old Alex is in the process of retiring from his position as the head of litigation in a law firm. Over the next six months, he will oversee cases of the younger associates and the next six months work part-time editing legal briefs and then exit the firm. Alex is doing _____ for his firm before he retires. a) volunteer work b) Exit work c) pension work d) bridge work i) bridge work 20) Sixty-eight-year-olds Santiago and Carmelita have been retired for two years. Like many elderly, they have not moved to traditional retirement locations such as Florida or Maine because: a) they want to, but they can't afford it. b) they prefer to live in their own home and stay in familiar surroundings. c) they are too ill. d) they are too wealthy to do so. i) they prefer to live in their own home and stay in familiar surroundings. 21) Older adults seeking to integrate their unique experiences with their vision of community is the definition of Erikson's stage of development known as: a) autonomy versus shame. b) integrity versus despair. c) identity versus role confusion. d) intimacy versus isolation. i) integrity versus despair. 22) Mika, who is 85 years old, believes that his future time is limited. He has started to spend more time thinking about the meaning of life and how to show his family and friends that he truly appreciates them. Mika is demonstrating the _____ theory. a) Self b) socioemotional selectivity c) Positivity d) compulsive hoarding i) socioemotional selectivity 23) Gerrard is 80 years old. What is FALSE regarding his political activism? a) When there is a political campaign, it is unlikely for him to volunteer. b) He is part of the age group that votes three times as often as those under the age of 25. c) Due to his age, he is unlikely to write letters to their political representatives. d) He is less likely to turn out for rallies. i) Due to his age, he is unlikely to write letters to their political representatives. 24) The life review and the acceptance of death are crucial aspects of Erikson's _____ stage. a) Intimacy-versus-isolation b) Identity-versus-role-confusion c) Generativity-versus-stagnation d) Integrity-versus-despair i) integrity-versus-despair