Chapter 09 Adolescence Multiple-Choice Questions 1

Multiple-Choice Questions 1. The period when children's bodies become adultlike is called: A) puberty. B) youth. C) the growth spurt. D) secondary sex development. 2. Menarche is: A) the beginning of growth of the uterus. B) the first ovulation of a mature egg. C) a girl's first menstrual period. D) the first year of menstruation. 3. For boys, the event that most closely parallels menarche is: A) penis growth. B) spermarche. C) first intercourse. D) pubic hair. 4. For both girls and boys, puberty typically begins as young as _____ years of age or as late as _____ years of age. A) 5; 18 B) 7; 16 C) 8; 14 D) 10; 13 5. For girls, the usual sequence of physical changes in puberty is: A) menarche, the growth spurt, and the beginning of breast development. B) nipple growth, the growth spurt, and menarche. C) the growth spurt, menarche, and the beginning of breast development. D) the growth spurt, the beginning of breast development, and menarche. 6. For boys, the first ejaculation generally occurs: A) when facial hair first appears. B) after the weight and height spurt. C) following growth of the penis. D) when the final pubic hair pattern is established. Page 1 7. The first outward sign of puberty in a typical girl is: A) an increase in weight. B) the development of muscular strength. C) a spurt in height. D) the onset of nipple growth. 8. Nancy, age 12, has just experienced a sudden growth spurt. According to the usual sequence of puberty, soon she will notice: A) initial pubic hair growth. B) breast development. C) her hips growing wider. D) an increase in her shoe size. 9. For boys, the usual sequence of physical changes in puberty is: A) growth of the testes; initial pubic hair growth; growth of the penis; spermarche. B) growth of the testes; growth of the penis; initial pubic hair growth; spermarche. C) spermarche; growth of the testes; growth of the penis; initial pubic hair growth. D) initial pubic hair growth; growth of the testes; spermarche; growth of the penis. 10. Bill noticed that he has some pubic hair. According to the usual sequence of puberty, his next growth event will probably be: A) beard development. B) his penis growing longer and wider. C) spermarche. D) voice change. 11. Body chemicals that regulate sleep, moods, hunger, and stress are called: A) the HPA axis. B) the brain stem. C) hormones. D) adrenal glands. 12. The first hormones to begin the process of puberty are triggered in the child's: A) gonads. B) penis or uterus. C) adrenal glands. D) hypothalamus. Page 2 13. The biological events that begin puberty involve a hormonal signal from the: A) cerebellum. B) hypothalamus. C) hippocampus. D) ovaries or testes. 14. Which gland(s) receive(s) signals directly from the hypothalamus? A) adrenals B) testes C) pituitary D) gonads 15. The organ that produces the hormones that stimulate the adrenal glands is the: A) pituitary. B) gonad. C) hypothalamus. D) thyroid. 16. The sequence of puberty hormone production that originates in the brain and ends with glands located atop the kidneys is known by the acronym: A) HAG pathway. B) HAP pathway. C) HPG axis. D) HPA axis. 17. What substance(s) cause(s) the ovaries and testes to greatly increase their production of estradiol and testosterone? A) human growth hormones B) follicle-stimulating hormones C) gonadotropins D) cortisol 18. _____ is the sex hormone secreted in greater amounts by males than females. A) Progesterone B) Testosterone C) Estrogen D) Adrenaline Page 3 19. The day-night cycle that occurs approximately every 24 hours is the: A) biorhythm. B) night-day cycle. C) sleep cycle. D) circadian rhythm. 20. Since he entered puberty, Barry has been staying awake late at night and craving sleep in the mornings. His parents should realize that this: A) means that he needs professional help. B) means that he is trying to avoid them. C) is due to changes in his brain. D) is due to hormonal shifts. 21. Statistically, which student is MOST likely to fall asleep during class? A) Ariel, who is in the seventh grade B) Wilhelm, who is in the eighth grade C) Allen, who is in the tenth grade D) Rose, who is in the sixth grade 22. Latisha experienced menarche when she was 8 years old. She experienced: A) precocious puberty. B) abnormal hormonal fluctuations. C) preterm menarche. D) excessively high levels of androgens. 23. About _____ of the variation in age of puberty is determined by genes. A) one-half B) two-thirds C) one-fourth D) three-fourths 24. Statistically, which adolescent is MOST apt to experience menarche first? A) Michelle, who is of German descent B) Cecilia, who is of Mexican descent C) Rebecca, who is of African descent D) Maria, who is of Asian descent Page 4 25. Which statement is correct? A) There is no correlation between body fat and the early onset of puberty. B) There is a positive correlation between body fat and early onset of puberty. C) There is a correlation between body fat and the early onset of puberty only among Native American adolescents. D) There is a negative correlation between body fat and the early onset of puberty. 26. Over the last two centuries, children have reached their adult height earlier and are taller than their ancestors. What is the official name of this phenomenon? A) secular trend B) evolution C) genetic predisposition D) generational trend 27. Which hormone is high at the onset of puberty and affects appetite, especially in girls? A) estrogen B) cortisol C) lipid D) leptin 28. Family conflict and stress: A) may cause the early onset of puberty. B) may cause the late onset of puberty. C) typically increase after the onset of puberty. D) typically decrease after the onset of puberty. 29. Research indicates that female children who experienced a great deal of _____ while very young also experienced early puberty. A) attention B) stress C) hormones D) diet deficiencies 30. Evolutionary theory suggests that the relationship between childhood stress and onset of puberty exists to: A) delay childbearing in strife-filled environments. B) encourage stressed youth to take more risks. C) insure that reproduction occurs early in stress-filled environments. D) ease the transition to adulthood for individuals who need to grow up fast. Page 5 31. Ellie is 10 years old and well into puberty. She will probably experience: A) welcome attention from boys her age. B) pride that she is ahead of her friends. C) teasing and name-calling from her classmates. D) a better body image than her peers. 32. Typically, the adolescent who will probably find puberty MOST difficult is: A) Eric, an on-time maturer. B) Trisha, a late maturer. C) Katie, an on-time maturer. D) Katya, an early maturer. 33. In the twenty-first century, early puberty positively correlates with: A) girls choosing to date younger boys. B) girls entering into early, nurturing relationships. C) aggression and antisocial behavior in boys. D) boys becoming leaders in their schools. 34. One of the first signs of the growth spurt is: A) lengthening of the torso. B) increased muscle mass. C) growth of arms and legs. D) growth of fingers and toes. 35. During the adolescent growth spurt, what is the last part(s) of the body to grow? A) limbs B) torso C) ears D) feet 36. Janet and Carlos are both experiencing a growth spurt. If they are typical adolescents, compared with Janet will have _____ than Carlos. A) a lower proportion of body fat B) a higher proportion of body fat C) more upper body muscle D) narrower hips Page 6 37. During puberty, the growth spurt sequence typically occurs in this order. A) weight, height, muscles B) weight, muscles, height C) height, weight, muscles D) muscles, height, weight 38. One physical change that typically occurs during adolescence is that the child's: A) lungs increase in weight by a factor of five. B) heart doubles in size. C) tonsils increase in size. D) skin becomes darker. 39. Some teenagers seem able to skate, play basketball, or dance for hours without rest. This increased endurance is best explained by: A) increased hormone output. B) increased muscle tissue. C) better digestive processes. D) the growth of the heart and lungs. 40. Garry is taking a weight-lifting class in high school. The weights he lifts should: A) match his projected size for next year. B) cause him maximum exertion. C) match his size from the previous year. D) be doubled each week. 41. Which change contributes to an adolescent's lessening susceptibility toward respiratory infections? A) greater exposure to germs from increased social activity B) the shrinkage of the lymphoid system C) the increase in sex hormones D) the growth spurt 42. Adolescent acne is usually caused by: A) changes in diet. B) changes in the lymphoid system. C) sexual frustration. D) an increase in skin oils and sweat. Page 7 43. Changes in primary sex characteristics include: A) growth of pubic hair and underarm hair. B) rapid increase in height. C) growth of the uterus or the testes. D) deeper voices. 44. Secondary sex characteristics are traits that: A) occur later in development. B) are not visible. C) occur for only some people. D) are not directly related to fertility. 45. If a boy notices a swelling around his nipples during puberty, what is the likely cause? A) the normal fluctuation of sex hormones B) cancer C) abnormally high levels of estrogen D) drug abuse 46. Once the primary sexual organs begin to function, adolescents are biologically capable of: A) reproduction. B) weight loss. C) giving blood. D) sleeping fewer hours. 47. Over the past decade, the percentage of adolescents that consumed the recommended three or more servings of vegetables daily has: A) increased. B) remained stable. C) decreased. D) decreased, but fruit intake has increased. 48. Which pair of nutrients is MOST likely to be lacking in the adolescent diet? A) magnesium and B vitamins B) iron and calcium C) sodium and potassium D) vitamins A and C Page 8 49. Statistically, which person is MOST likely to have the greatest health problems due to iron deficiency? A) 16-year-old Marilyn, who is menstruating B) 12-year-old Monica, who has not yet experienced menarche C) 15-year-old Nathan, who exercises very little D) 25-year-old Ben, who has three children 50. The recommended daily dose of calcium is _____ milligrams; most teens consume less than _____ milligrams per day. A) 1000; 300 B) 1000; 500 C) 1300; 800 D) 1300; 500 51. Sharon is concerned about deficiencies in her daughter Alana's diet. If Alana is a typical teen, Sharon should feed her: A) potatoes to increase her starch. B) carrots to increase her calcium. C) orange juice to increase her vitamin C. D) a steak to increase her iron. 52. One reason adolescents' nutritional habits may be poor is: A) lack of media attention to the importance of good nutrition. B) misunderstanding about what is and is not healthy food. C) altered taste buds due to hormonal surges. D) anxiety about their body image. 53. Studies indicate that adolescents worldwide share this problem. A) They don't get enough sleep. B) They suffer from malnutrition. C) They have few friends. D) They are dissatisfied with their bodies. 54. Patty is 5 feet tall and weighs 87 pounds yet when she looks in the mirror, she sees an overweight girl. She does aerobics for two hours daily and eats very little. Patty MOST likely suffers from: A) anorexia nervosa. B) a degenerative organ disease. C) anxiety. D) bulimia nervosa. Page 9 55. Josefina is obsessed with her weight. She sometimes eats a whole package of Oreos at once and then makes herself vomit. Josefina is of normal weight, but she constantly has heartburn. She MOST likely suffers from: A) anorexia nervosa. B) degenerative organ disease. C) anxiety. D) bulimia nervosa. 56. Bulimia nervosa is clinically present in _____ percent of young women in the United States. A) 1 to 3 B) 5 to 7 C) 8 to 10 D) 11 to 13 57. Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with anorexia nervosa? A) absence of menstruation B) severe calorie restriction C) close to normal weight D) distorted body image 58. During adolescence, the _____ matures before the _____ in the brain. A) prefrontal cortex; limbic system B) limbic system; prefrontal cortex C) prefrontal cortex; amygdala D) cerebellum; amygdala 59. Xavier, 16, invites a group of his high school friends to swim in a neighbor's pool late at night while that neighbor is away. They climb the fence and jump in, playing wildly and loudly in the water. Just a few minutes later, the police arrive. How does adolescent brain development help explain Xavier's poor decision making? A) His limbic system is underdeveloped. B) His prefrontal cortex is underdeveloped. C) His amygdala is underdeveloped. D) The regions regulating his emotions are underdeveloped. Page 10