Sociology Chapter 10 Practice

, INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY 2e Questions Chapter 10 1. Which social class is quickly disappearing from modern economies? a. Upper Class b. Middle Class* c. Lower Class d. The amount of people in each class has been about the same for the past 10 years. 2. How is global stratification different from social stratification? a. Global stratification only examines environmental inequalities among nations while social stratification examines inequalities among people. b. Global stratification can only measure the inequalities among purely democratic states, while social stratification can be expanded to apply to people in any country in the world. c. Global stratification examines a myriad of different types of prejudice and inequality, while social stratification covers the social class and standing of individuals.* d. Countries cannot move up and down the global stratification ladder, unlike people who can use social mobility to climb or fall down the social stratification ladder. 3. In recent times, scholars have been trying to sort out why the countries on the continent of Africa, as a whole, have trouble competing to today’s global, capitalist economy. While an answer to this question is complex and carries with it many ambiguities, most scholars point to European colonialism as a key to understanding the current state of Africa. A sociologist studying this topic, would ascribe to which theoretical paradigm? a. Structural functionalism b. Symbolic interactionism c. Conflict* theory d. Feminist theory 4. Women’s employment outside the agricultural sector remains under 20 percent in: a. Southern America b. Northern Africa* c. Western Asia d. Northern Asia 5. Immanuel Wallerstein’s classification of nations uses which set of terms? a. super powers, allies of super powers, enemies of super powers b. primary nation, secondary nation, tertiary nation c. first world, second world, third world d. core nation, peripheral nation, semi-peripheral nation* 6. Which statement explains why Immanuel Wallerstein’s classification is preferred by sociologist? a. Wallerstein’s classification uses neutral terms that allow his classification of nations to be less biased and appear less ethnocentric.* 1 , INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY 2e b. Wallerstein’s classification uses the United States as a point of comparison so that people can understand what he is saying. c. The former Cold War era classifications are outdated and no longer accurately show the economic state of individual nations. d. Wallerstein’s classification is based more on sociological data than economic data, and because of that, applies to the field of sociology better than the Cold War era classification. 7. In the United States, where outsourcing is almost always addressed negatively, companies still get away with outsourcing. How do they do this? a. Capital flight, caused by outsourcing, helps local economies thrive, so Americans are willing to make the trade off. b. Deindusrialization, also caused by outsourcing, is better for the environment, so Americans are in favor of it. c. Americans want lower prices for their consumable products, and the only way for companies to deliver those low prices is to outsource the work to cheaper laborers.* d. Companies find that the many U.S. restrictions on manufacturing can seriously disrupt production, which leads to profit loss, which in turn results in outsourcing. 8. Which number does the World Bank use to determine the status and classification of each nation? a. Gross National Income per Capita* b. Gross Domestic Product c. Purchasing Power Parity d. Organization for Economic and Cooperative Development data 9. Which trend has the World Bank seen in its study of poverty in low-income nations? a. Equal numbers of men and women live in poverty. b. More men live in poverty than women. c. More women live in poverty than men.* d. Children can avoid living in poverty if they live with their fathers. 10. 88 million people live on less than $1.00 a day. These people are said to be living in _____________. a. Subjective poverty b. Marginal poverty c. Absolute poverty* d. Relative poverty 11. Maria babysits as a form of income while she is in college. Because the amounts she gets per job are not huge, Maria never bothers to report her earnings to the IRS. Maria is a part of the _____________. a. Underground economy* b. Under-reported economy c. Under-earning economy d. Under-paid economy 2 INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY 2e 12. Which continent has the greatest number of impoverished nations in the world? a. Asia b. Africa* c. South America d. North America 13. Which continent has the largest number of people living in poverty in the world? a. Asia* b. Africa c. South America d. North America 14. The two regions with the highest risk of social unrest are: a. Europe and Africa b. Latin America and Asia c. South America and North America d. Sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East-North Africa region* 15. Child labor and sweatshops have existed since the Industrial Revolution and even before that. Many products sold today are created in these sweatshops, even though, living in the 21st century, we like to think we are above such practices. What is one practical way we can try and stop multinational companies from using such labor? a. We can ignore the problem because it will eventually go away. b. We can trust that the CEOs and the members of the board of the companies will do the right thing. c. We can justify such practices because they are legal in other countries. d. We can be responsible consumers and research products before buying them.* 16. Which is an effect of absolute poverty that also contributes to its cyclical nature? a. Lack of education* b. Home foreclosures c. Massive credit card debt d. Excellent healthcare 17. Which statement would you find in the analysis of poverty by Neckerman and Torche? a. People will take advantage of social welfare programs if you do not watch them carefully. b. People live in poverty because they are lazy and lack meaningful work. c. Once poverty has entered a geographic location, it is very difficult to get rid of.* d. People living in poverty enjoy living in poverty. 18. An example of slavery, according to Anti-Slavery International, is: a. Factories employing adults at salary level b. Factories using child labor* c. Children attending school 3 INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY 2e d. Children playing with friends 19. Areas that once had vast economic growth and large amounts of industry, but are now suffering from the effects of outsourcing are going through a period of: a. Industrialization b. Deindustrialization* c. Post-industrialization d. Industrialization transition 20. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was created by: a. Third world countries b. Core nation countries* c. Middle-income countries d. Asian and American countries 4