Study Guide Unit 4

Unit 4 Study Guide Answer all the questions in complete sentences and to the best of your ability. Greek Geography What sea separates mainland Greece from Anatolia or Asia Minor? What straits (there are two) connect the seas of Greece to the Black Sea? Why might mainland Greece being super mountainous make it hard to live? How did this affect farming? How did it Affect Communication? How about Transportation? What was the name of the Market of an ancient Greek city? What were cities called? Athens What kind of government did Athens have? Was it always like that? Who came up with this form of government? Who was Pericles? How did he affect the Golden Age of Athens? He was an influential Greek politician during the Persian wars and the Pelloponesian wars. What kind of Military did the Athenians focus on? Who was allowed to vote in the Athenian Assembly? What were the rights of women in Athens? Men were allowed to vote, Women had little to no rights. Why was Philosophy so important to the Athenians? Did they value strength or intelligence more? Philosophy was important because it gave them reasoning and intelligence and education was what they focused on there. Sparta What was the government of Sparta? How many kings did it have? Was there any form of assembly to make decisions? They had two kings and a council of old men. What were the slaves of Sparta called? They were called Helots. What kind of military did the Spartans focus on? How was this different from Athens? They focused on an Army since they were on the water less but their army was very strong since that's what Sparta was known for. How were Women's rights different in Sparta than in Athens? Sparta gave Women equal rights but Athens did not. Women in Athens had no rights. Was Philosophy important to the Spartans? Did they value strength or intelligence more? Philosophy was important but the Spartans value strength over anything. Persian Wars Why did Persia Invade Greece in the first invasion? To punish them for supporting someone who was revolting against the Persian rulers. What battle ended the first invasion? What is the race that is named after this battle? Why is it called that? The Marathon battle became the name of a race because a guy ran from the city of Marathon to Athens to say that they had won, which is the length of the race. Why did Persia invade a second time? To take over Greece and to avenge their loss from a previous battle. The 300 Spartans and their Allies held back the Persian forces in the second invasion before being defeated at what battle? The battle of Thermopylae . The Athenian Navy destroyed the Persian Navy in what battle? The Peloponnesian war Why did Athens form the Delian League? To fight Persia alongside Sparta. What was Sparta's response to the Delian league? They thought Athens had too much power in the Delian League so they made their own league. Sparta and Athens focused on different military tactics, what was each city's main focus for their military? Athens focused on a Navy and Sparta focused on an Army. Who won the Peloponnesian war? Sparta was victorious. The war weakened all the Greek city states, and paved the way for the empire to come in and conquer Greece? Macedonia saw they were weak and took over. Alexander and Macedonia Who was Alexander’s father that formed Macedonia into a powerful kingdom? Phillip II was Alexander's father. Who was the Persian King who fought Alexander the Great throughout his Invasion? What city did Alexander establish in Egypt? Alexandria was the city he made. What culture did Alexander spread throughout the known world? He spread Hellenistic cultures What happened when Alexander died? Did his empire stay together?