Social Psychology Baron - Test Bank

TB_Baron_Chapter 11 Key: Answer, Page, Type, Learning Objective, Level Type A=Applied C=Conceptual F=Factual Level (1)=Easy; (2)=Moderate; (3)=Difficult LO=Learning Objective SG=Used in Study Guide p=page TB_Baron_Chapter 11 Multiple Choice Single Select M/C Question 1 Ahmed belongs to his university’s Student Senate, a group that is high in entitativity. It is likely that Ahmed feels that the Student Senate ________. a) is unlikely to be stereotyped b) is of great consequence to him c) uses too much political jargon d) is polarized in a conservative direction ANS: b Skill=Apply, Objective=11.1: Describe the types and features of groups, Topic=11.1: Groups: When We Join…And When We Leave, Difficulty=Medium M/C Question 2 University alumni associations, as a group, have ________ for many of its members. a) considerable entitativity b) mostly a monetary attraction c) few obstacles to high status d) little connectedness ANS: a Skill=Apply, Objective=11.1: Describe the types and features of groups, Topic=11.1: Groups: When We Join…And When We Leave, Difficulty=Medium M/C Question 3 Omri, in his professional association, serves informally as a kind of “father confessor,” listening attentively to members of that group. This best reflects ________ in(of) the group. a) his role b) the status he has attained c) an unstated norm d) an assigned task ANS: a Skill=Apply, Objective=11.1: Describe the types and features of groups, Topic=11.1: Groups: When We Join…And When We Leave, Difficulty=Medium M/C Question 4 John has violated a norm in his ________ group, while Li Qing has violated one in her ________ group. We would more likely expect ________ for John, and ________ for Li Qing. a) individualist; collectivist; approval; disapproval b) individualist; collectivist; disapproval; admiration c) cohesive; heterogeneous; admiration; disapproval d) normative; deviant; higher status; lower status ANS: a Skill=Apply, Objective=11.1: Describe the types and features of groups, Topic=11.1: Groups: When We Join…And When We Leave, Difficulty=Medium M/C Question 5 William joined a small fraternity at his college. The initiation he faced was quite severe and somewhat dangerous. Now, he’s a senior member of the fraternity and the college is investigating the fraternity for possible violations of the college’s hazing policy. As a result, William finds that ________. a) fraternity members do not identify as strongly with the group as they once did b) the fraternity’s cohesiveness has substantially increased c) the fraternity’s cohesiveness has substantially decreased d) recruitment for new members is becoming increasingly difficult ANS: b Skill=add skill, Objective=11.1: Describe the types and features of groups, Topic=11.1: Groups: When We Join…And When We Leave, Difficulty=Apply M/C Question 6 George has been asked to join a “secret society” (similar to a small fraternity) at his college. This group’s initiation rituals are quite severe and somewhat dangerous. In addition, members tend to identify strongly with the group. If George decides to join, he can expect that ________. a) the group is not very cohesive b) members tend to leave the group shortly after being initiated as members c) higher-status members tend to break away from the group more easily than do lowstatus members d) members are very unlikely to leave the group after they have joined ANS: d Skill=Apply, Objective=11.1: Describe the types and features of groups, Topic=11.1: Groups: When We Join…And When We Leave, Difficulty=Medium M/C Question 7 John is learning to play the guitar. He is in the process of mastering several new songs. From the perspective of Zajonc’s drive theory of social facilitation, John should practice ________. a) when others are present until mastery is achieved b) and perform only in the presence of others c) alone until partial mastery is achieved, then practice in the presence of others d) alone until mastery is achieved, and then perform in the presence of others ANS: d Skill=Apply, Objective=11.2: Identify how the presence of others impacts performance, Topic=11.2: Effects of the Presence of Others: From Task Performance to Behavior in Crowds, Difficulty=Medium M/C Question 8 Jason, Paul, and Mark are working on a group project for their social psychology class. Jason believes that Paul is not doing as much work on the project as he and Mark are doing. If Jason is accurate in his perception, Paul is engaging in ________. a) distraction-conflict action b) social loafing c) reciprocity d) deindividuation ANS: b Skill=Apply, Objective=11.2: Identify how the presence of others impacts performance, Topic=11.2: Effects of the Presence of Others: From Task Performance to Behavior in Crowds, Difficulty=Medium M/C Question 9 Paul, Sarah, Deborah, and George are working on a research paper for their social psychology class. They can reduce social loafing by ________. a) ensuring that each member of the group can do the work that is being done by other team members b) having each team member initial the parts of the paper she or he completed c) discussing the issue of social facilitation before working on the paper d) acknowledging that the paper counts for only a small part of their grade in the class ANS: b Skill=Apply, Objective=11.2: Identify how the presence of others impacts performance, Topic=11.2: Effects of the Presence of Others: From Task Performance to Behavior in Crowds, Difficulty=Medium M/C Question 10 Paul, Sarah, Deborah, and George are working on a research paper for their social psychology class. They can reduce social loafing by ________. a) acknowledging that the paper counts for only a small part of their grade in the class b) ensuring that each member of the group can do the work that is being done by other team members c) holding periodic pep rallies for themselves in which each group member becomes increasingly committed to the project and its outcome d) stressing the cooperative and relaxed nature of the project ANS: c Skill=Apply, Objective=11.2: Identify how the presence of others impacts performance, Topic=11.2: Effects of the Presence of Others: From Task Performance to Behavior in Crowds, Difficulty=Medium M/C Question 11 Paul, Sarah, Deborah, and George are working on a research paper for their social psychology class. They can reduce social loafing by ________. a) stressing the cooperative nature of, and open-ended scheduling built into, the project b) ensuring that each member of the group contributes something that is different from the contribution of each other team member c) acknowledging that the paper counts for only a small part of their grade in the class d) ensuring that each member of the group can do the work that is being done by other team members ANS: b Skill=Apply, Objective=11.2: Identify how the presence of others impacts performance, Topic=11.2: Effects of the Presence of Others: From Task Performance to Behavior in Crowds, Difficulty=Medium M/C Question 12 Paul, Sarah, Deborah, and George are working on a research paper for their social psychology class. They can reduce social loafing by ________. a) emphasizing a cooperative and relaxed approach to the project b) ensuring that each member of the group can do the work that is being done by other team members c) acknowledging that the paper counts for only a small part of their grade in the class d) ensuring that each member of the group recognizes the paper as being important both to the group and to the members ANS: d Skill=Apply, Objective=11.2: Identify how the presence of others impacts performance, Topic=11.2: Effects of the Presence of Others: From Task Performance to Behavior in Crowds, Difficulty=Medium M/C Question 13 Roger, Sabiha, Emily, and George are working on a group paper for a class. How would one go about reducing the likelihood of Emily engaging in social loafing? a) Convince Emily that her contribution is unique. b) Have Sabiha confront Emily about her performance. c) Limit Emily’s input into group decision-making processes. d) Ask Emily to demonstrate her competence to complete the task. ANS: a Skill=Apply, Objective=11.2: Identify how the presence of others impacts performance, Topic=11.2: Effects of the Presence of Others: From Task Performance to Behavior in Crowds, Difficulty=Medium M/C Question 14 Two neighbors are working together to build a stone fence through a field. They both help each other move the larger rocks. This is an example of ________. a) conflict b) a social dilemma c) social construction d) cooperation ANS: d Skill=Apply, Objective=11.3: Evaluate the factors that impact group cooperation and conflict, Topic=11.3: Coordination in Groups: Cooperation or Conflict?, Difficulty=Medium M/C Question 15 Amy is always trying to defeat others in all types of situations, even as inconsequential as seeing who can brush their teeth the fastest. Amy probably has a ________ personal orientation toward social dilemmas. a) combative b) cooperative c) collaborative d) competitive ANS: d Skill=Apply, Objective=11.3: Evaluate the factors that impact group cooperation and conflict, Topic=11.3: Coordination in Groups: Cooperation or Conflict?, Difficulty=Medium M/C Question 16 Two brothers have inherited a small plot of land from their parents. One brother wants to sell the land and divide the money with his brother. The other wants to use the land as collateral for a business loan. This is an example of ________. a) a social dilemma b) cooperation c) social construction d) social loafing e) conflict ANS: e Skill=Apply, Objective=11.3: Evaluate the factors that impact group cooperation and conflict, Topic=11.3: Coordination in Groups: Cooperation or Conflict?, Difficulty=Medium M/C Question 17 Bargaining is a process in which opposing sides ________. a) exchange offers, counteroffers, and concessions, either directly or through representatives b) exchange token gifts in order to facilitate negotiations c) attempt to resolve conflicts by maximizing the rewards received by both sides, either directly or through representatives d) attempt to argue for the other’s position in order to develop more effective counterarguments ANS: a Skill=Understand, Objective=11.3: Evaluate the factors that impact group cooperation and conflict, Topic=11.3: Coordination in Groups: Cooperation or Conflict?, Difficulty=Medium M/C Question 18 Integrative agreements ________. a) satisfy the major requirements of both groups without concern for minor or less important differences b) attempt to transform win-lose negotiations into win-win situations c) provide greater joint benefits than simple compromise d) bring dissenting groups together for negotiations ANS: c Skill=Understand, Objective=11.3: Evaluate the factors that impact group cooperation and conflict, Topic=11.3: Coordination in Groups: Cooperation or Conflict?, Difficulty=Medium M/C Question 19 One primary goal in negotiating with an individual or a group is to ________. a) reduce the opposing side’s aspirations b) provide misleading information to an opponent c) find common ground on which both sides can initially agree d) interfere with the opposition’s support and information networks ANS: a Skill=Understand, Objective=11.3: Evaluate the factors that impact group cooperation and conflict, Topic=11.3: Coordination in Groups: Cooperation or Conflict?, Difficulty=Medium M/C Question 20 Distributive justice refers to individuals’ judgments ________. a) about the individuals who decide which group members receive rewards and the ways in which those rewards are presented b) about whether the rewards they receive are proportionate to the contributions they have made c) concerning the fairness of the procedures used to distribute available rewards to group members d) about whether the rewards they receive are the same as the rewards received by other group members ANS: b Skill=Understand, Objective=11.4: Recall that the way group fairness is judged impacts behavior, Topic=11.4: Perceived Fairness in Groups: Its Nature and Effects, Difficulty=Medium M/C Question 21 Thinking about status appears to influence the importance group members attach to ________ justice. a) procedural b) distributive c) interpersonal d) interactional ANS: b Skill=Understand, Objective=11.4: Recall that the way group fairness is judged impacts behavior, Topic=11.4: Perceived Fairness in Groups: Its Nature and Effects, Difficulty=Medium M/C Question 22 Procedural justice involves individuals’ judgments ________. a) about whether the rewards they receive are proportionate to the contributions they have made b) about whether the decisions relating to the distribution of rewards have been adequately explained and distribution was courteous c) about whether the rewards they receive are the same as the rewards received by other group members d) concerning the fairness of the procedures used to distribute available rewards among group members ANS: d Skill=Understand, Objective=11.4: Recall that the way group fairness is judged impacts behavior, Topic=11.4: Perceived Fairness in Groups: Its Nature and Effects, Difficulty=Medium M/C Question 23 Transactional justice involves individuals’ judgments ________. a) concerning the fairness of the procedures used to distribute available rewards among group members b) about whether the rewards they receive are the same as the rewards received by other group members c) about the individuals who decide which group members receive rewards and the ways in which those rewards are presented d) about whether the decisions relating to the distribution of rewards have been adequately explained and distribution was courteous ANS: d Skill=Understand, Objective=11.4: Recall that the way group fairness is judged impacts behavior, Topic=11.4: Perceived Fairness in Groups: Its Nature and Effects, Difficulty=Medium M/C Question 24 The extent to which the ratio of contributions by group members to the rewards they receive should be ________ for all group members in order for us to believe that ________ justice exists. a) the same; distributive b) the same; transactional c) different; interpersonal d) different; procedural ANS: a Skill=Understand, Objective=11.4: Recall that the way group fairness is judged impacts behavior, Topic=11.4: Perceived Fairness in Groups: Its Nature and Effects, Difficulty=Medium M/C Question 25 When individuals don’t have all the information needed to make judgments about the fairness of a particular situation, they tend to rely on ________ as an indication of fairness. a) their internal personal biases b) the self-serving bias c) their current affective state d) what they know about the people involved e) the fairness of similar situations in the past ANS: c Skill=Understand, Objective=11.4: Recall that the way group fairness is judged impacts behavior, Topic=11.4: Perceived Fairness in Groups: Its Nature and Effects, Difficulty=Hard M/C Question 26 Group decision making involves the ________. a) process involved in selecting one of several different social decision schemes on which to base resulting group decisions b) process involved in determining which possible decision is supported by a majority of the group’s members c) processes involved with convincing a majority of the group’s members to pursue the same course of action d) processes involved with combining and integrating available information in order to choose one of several different courses of action ANS: d Skill=Understand, Objective=11.5: Evaluate the factors that impact the effectiveness of the group decision-making process, Topic=11.5: Decision Making by Groups: How It Occurs and the Pitfalls It Faces, Difficulty=Medium M/C Question 27 Group polarization involves the tendency of ________. a) some group members to shift from one extreme position to another, depending on the views of the group’s leadership b) group members to shift toward more extreme positions than those they initially held as a result of group discussion c) groups to attract members who initially agree with the group’s position, and then to take that agreement to extreme levels d) some individuals to take a charismatic leadership position within a group ANS: b Skill=Understand, Objective=11.5: Evaluate the factors that impact the effectiveness of the group decision-making process, Topic=11.5: Decision Making by Groups: How It Occurs and the Pitfalls It Faces, Difficulty=Medium M/C Question 28 When it comes to decisions, Ilene thinks she is bolder than her coworkers. In a recent meeting, she discovered that other workers in the office favored even bolder decisions. As a result, Ilene shifted toward an even bolder position herself. The process underlying Ilene’s change is ________. a) social cohesiveness b) groupthink c) evaluation apprehension d) social comparison ANS: d Skill=Apply, Objective=11.5: Evaluate the factors that impact the effectiveness of the group decision-making process, Topic=11.5: Decision Making by Groups: How It Occurs and the Pitfalls It Faces, Difficulty=Medium M/C Question 29 Strongly cohesive groups may assume that their decisions can’t be incorrect and to put pressure on all group members to strongly support the group’s decisions. This is known as ________. a) a social dilemma b) groupthink c) deindividuation d) group polarization ANS: b Skill=Understand, Objective=11.5: Evaluate the factors that impact the effectiveness of the group decision-making process, Topic=11.5: Decision Making by Groups: How It Occurs and the Pitfalls It Faces, Difficulty=Medium M/C Question 30 When creating a group of experts, all of whom bring different expertise to the table, it may be particularly important to make sure that dissent within the group is welcome. This is because groups tend to ________. a) share only unshared information b) share only shared information c) base decisions on unshared information d) engage in brainstorming ANS: a Skill=Understand, Objective=11.5: Evaluate the factors that impact the effectiveness of the group decision-making process, Topic=11.5: Decision Making by Groups: How It Occurs and the Pitfalls It Faces, Difficulty=Medium M/C Question 31 Max, Tara, and Carlos all speak English and were born in the United States. While they have never met each other, they are part of a group. What type of group are they in? a) Common-bond group b) Common-identity group c) Common-entitativity group d) Common-coherence group ANS: b Skill=Apply, Objective=11.1: Describe the types and features of groups, Topic=11.1: Groups: When We Join…And When We Leave, Difficulty=Medium M/C Question 32 Which type of group tends to involve face-to-face interaction among the members of the group, each of whom is bonded to each other? a) Common-bond group b) Common-identity group c) Common-entitativity group d) Common-coherence group ANS: a Skill=Understand, Objective=11.1: Describe the types and features of groups, Topic=11.1: Groups: When We Join…And When We Leave, Difficulty=Easy M/C Question 33 Which of the following is an example of a group with low entitativity? a) A group of concertgoers b) A work team c) A family d) A group of friends ANS: a Skill=Understand, Objective=11.1: Describe the types and features of groups, Topic=11.1: Groups: When We Join…And When We Leave, Difficulty=Easy M/C Question 34 There is a three-person Editorial department at Luscious Literature, a literary journal. Tom is an editorial assistant, Kara is a senior editor, and Helen is a managing editor. The team members differ in a) norms b) entitativity c) status d) solidarity ANS: c Skill=Apply, Objective=11.1: Describe the types and features of groups, Topic=11.1: Groups: When We Join…And When We Leave, Difficulty=Medium M/C Question 35 If groups are cohesive, the members often work hard to support each other, to accomplish their goals, and have a high morale. In general, cohesive groups have ________. a) individualism b) status c) norms d) solidarity ANS: d Skill=Understand, Objective=11.1: Describe the types and features of groups, Topic=11.1: Groups: When We Join…And When We Leave, Difficulty=Easy M/C Question 36 Members of a group can benefit from “existential security,” meaning that once a member belongs to a group, he or she can’t imagine not belonging to the group because the membership provides meaning and identity definition. Members feel this way because, by becoming part of a group, they gain ________. a) solidarity b) self-knowledge c) cohesiveness d) status ANS: b Skill=Understand, Objective=11.1: Describe the types and features of groups, Topic=11.1: Groups: When We Join…And When We Leave, Difficulty=Medium M/C Question 37 Jeremy is an actor who specializes in comedy. His friends persuade him to perform at a venue that specializes in audience-led improvisation, meaning that the audience chooses the subject matter for the actors. During the performance, Jeremy performs better than he ever has during comedic scenes, but performs more terribly than he ever has in serious dramatic scenes requiring strong emotion. Jeremy’s overall performance can be explained by ________. a) distraction conflict theory b) the drive theory of social facilitation c) the theory of social loafing d) dominant response theory ANS: b Skill=Apply, Objective=11.2: Identify how the presence of others impacts performance, Topic=11.2: Effects of the Presence of Others: From Task Performance to Behavior in Crowds, Difficulty=Medium M/C Question 38 At a college football game in Ohio, a crowd of 50,000 people gathered. When the game began, the crowd abided by the stadium’s regulations, but by the end of the game, many of the people in the crowd had begun to vandalize signs, push over portable toilets, throw trash all over the aisles, and engage in physical violence. This is an example of ________. a) distraction conflict b) social facilitation c) social loafing d) hooliganism ANS: d Skill=Apply, Objective=11.2: Identify how the presence of others impacts performance, Topic=11.2: Effects of the Presence of Others: From Task Performance to Behavior in Crowds, Difficulty=Medium