Molecular and Cell Biology: Exam 4 – All Versions (Key)

Molecular Cell Biology Exam 4 – All Versions Name: _____________ __________________ Use the following diagram to answer questions 1-3. 1. What is the structure of intestinal epithelium that allows for absorption on one side of the tissue and secretion on the other side of the tissue? A. B. C. D. E. Simple, squamous Stratified, cuboidal Simple, columnar Stratified, squamous Pseudostratified, cuboidal 2. When a basal cell in the crypt of the small intestines divides, what will the daughter cells become? A. B. C. D. E. An absorptive cell and a goblet cell An enteroendocrine cell and a paneth cell A basal cell and a stem cell A basal cell and a differentiated daughter cell Two differentiated daughter cells 3. What type of cellular adhesion is NOT found in the small intestine? A. B. C. D. E. Desmosomes Tight Junctions Hemidesmosomes Occluding junctions None of the Above 4. Which of the following types of epithelial structures would be the BEST choice for gas exchange? A. B. C. D. E. Simple, squamous Stratified, cuboidal Simple, columnar Stratified, squamous Pseudostratified, cuboidal 5. What is the tissue classification of the blood? A. B. C. D. E. Endocrine tissue Muscle tissue Epithelial tissue Connective tissue Blood is just a fluid and not a tissue 6. What is the function of the pseudostratified columnar epithelium of the trachea? A. B. C. D. E. Filtering debris Protective physical barrier Absorption Gas exchange There is more than one function of this tissue listed above 7. What is the primary purpose of the Proliferation Stage of wound healing? A. B. C. D. E. To reconfigure the deposition of collagen and responding cells to better match pre-wound functionality To repair the damaged tissues and regain basic functionality as fast as possible To resist infectious agents and mobilize the surviving cells to begin repairs To stop the flow of blood, rapidly seal the open wound and mobilize the initial cellular response All of the above 8. The fibroblast is an important mesenchymal cell because it is capable of all but the following A. B. C. D. Secreting ECM components Differentiating into other phenotypes when called upon Forming blood clots Making different kinds of connective tissues 9. The ECM of cartilage is similar to that of other connective tissues because _______; however it is different from other ECM because _______. A. B. C. D. E. It has a similar type of ground substance; It is made by chondrocytes It is made of four similar components; It is made by keratinocytes It is made of four similar components; It has a different type of ground substance It is made by chondrocytes; It is not made of the same four components None of the above 10. Mesenchymal cell survival is dependent upon the following? A. B. C. D. E. Adequate attachment to extracellular matrix Transmembrane integrin proteins Hemidesmosome formation A and C All of the above 11. What statement is true about mesenchymal cell types? A. B. C. D. E. Derived from the same progenitor cell Express a differentiated subset of genes from the same genotype Include fibroblasts, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, adipocytes A and B All the above 12. Which of the following are resident monocyte-derived cells for their tissue type? A. B. C. D. E. Microglia of the brain Paneth cells of the gut Osteoclasts of bone Both A and C None of the above 13. Which of the following cell types function as stem cells for the tissues they are listed with below? A. B. C. D. E. The paneth cells of the small intestine The ependymal cells of the nervous system The satellite cells of smooth muscle B and C only All of the above 14. Nerve bundles contain many blood vessels for high blood flow. Why would nerves need high blood flow? A. B. C. D. E. Must be in range of hormones to receive signals for healing Nerves run only on glucose which is transported through the blood Most nerves are derived from white blood cells Allows for control of blood flow None of the above 15. Which type of contractile cell is often found next to glands? A. B. C. D. E. Heart muscle cell Smooth muscle cell Skeletal muscle cell Myoepithelial cell None of the above 16. Why does cartilage generally take longer to heal than bone? A. B. C. D. E. ECM produced by chondrocytes is very dense The chondrocytes are very isolated from one another in lacunae Cartilage receives a low blood flow Both a and b Both b and c 17. Which of the following are characteristic of Mesenchymal Stem Cells? A. B. C. D. E. Reside in the bone marrow Self-replicating Replace dysfunctional cells A and C All of the Above 18. What event(s) must occur to enable a stem cell to differentiate? A. B. C. D. E. During G1, cell must pack cytosol with different RNAs and proteins During G2, cell must pack nuclei with different DNA During G2, cell must pack cytosol with different RNAs and proteins Both a and b Both b and c 19. Within minutes post-injury, platelets and fibroblasts aggregate at the injury site to form a clot; this stage of wound healing is called __________. A. B. C. D. E. Hemostasis Inflammation Proliferation Maturation Remodeling Use the following diagram to answer questions 20-23. 20. What statement is true about cell differentiation in the epidermis? A. B. C. D. E. Epidermal stem cells undergo asymmetrical cell division Both daughter cells have the same phenotype Cells in contact with the basal lamina differentiate A and C A, B, and C 21. Which structure-function relationship is related to the skin? A. B. C. D. E. Stratified squamous epithelium, protective physical barrier Stratified squamous epithelium, filtering debris Simple columnar epithelium, protective physical barrier Simple columnar epithelium, absorption Pseudostratified columnar epithelium, gas exchange 22. What is cornification? A. B. C. D. E. It is excess production of cytokeratin intermediate filaments and cellular adhesions It is the cessation of cellular metabolism It is programmed cell death Both a and c All of the above 23. The cell junctions respectively that exclude the passage of water between cells, provide long term cell adhesion, and allow the exchange of small molecules between cells is: A. B. C. D. E. Gap junctions, desmosomes, and tight junctions. Desmosomes, tight junctions and gap junctions. Tight junctions, gap junctions, and tight junctions. Gap junctions, tight junctions, and desmosomes. Tight junctions, desmosomes, and gap junctions. 24. What is the proper order of the stages of wound healing? A. B. C. D. E. Hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, maturation Hemostasis, proliferation, degradation, smoothing Inflammation, proliferation, maturation, hemostasis Inflammation, proliferation, maturation, smoothing None of the above 25. Clotting is characterized by: A. B. C. D. E. Creation of a temporary extracellular matrix Thrombin recruiting more platelets to the clot Thrombin cutting off the ends of fibrinogen to create fibrin All of the above A and C only 26. What is the purpose of activated neutrophils? A. B. C. D. Phagocytosis Stop blood flow Restore function to the site of a wound None of the above 27. During cytokinesis in the basal cells of the skin, the mechanics of cell separation are best described by: A. B. C. D. E. Myosin motors pull the actin as profilin severs the excess filaments Dynein motors pull the actin as gelsolin severs the excess filaments Kinesin motors pull the actin as tymosin severs the excess filaments Myosin motors pull the actin as gelsolin severs the excess filaments Kinesin motors pull the actin as fimbrin severs the excess filaments 28. Which of the below is correct in regards to inflammation? A. B. C. D. Inflammation is a process mediated primarily by WBC as part of our innate immunity. Inflammation is a process mediated primarily by WBC as part of our adaptive immunity. Inflammation is a process mediated primarily by RBC as part of our innate immunity. Inflammation is a process mediated primarily by RBC as part of our adaptive immunity. 29. What is a FALSE statement about the role of fibrin? A. B. C. D. E. Acts as a temporary extracellular matrix Helps immune cells in adherence and migration It causes a physical blockade Helps trap red blood cells and platelets None of the above 30. What kind of scars extend to fibroblasts outside the wound? A. B. C. D. Hypertrophic scars Keloid scars Excessive Inflammations Biofilm formation 31. Hypertrophic scars result from? A. B. C. D. E. Excessive TGF-B receptors on fibroblasts Not enough TGF-B receptors on fibroblasts Failed fibroblast contracture Biofilms Inflammation 32. Which of the following statement is true about cell division? A. B. C. D. E. Asymmetric division is when a cell makes a copy of itself and makes a differentiated cell type as well. Symmetric division is when a cell makes a copy of itself and makes a differentiated cell type as well. Symmetric division is when a cell makes either two copies of itself or two copies of a differentiated cell type. Both a and c are correct. None of the statements are correct. Use the following diagram to answer questions 33-36. 33. During fibroblast migration in response to stimuli from platelets the leading edge of the cell is pushed forward by ______________ that is nucleated by _________________. A. B. C. D. E. Actin, cofilin Myosin, ARP complexes Actin, ARP complexes Myosin, cofilin Actin, stathmin 34. The basic mechanism for cell migration involves which process? A. B. C. D. E. Signals outside the cell, actin-myosin movement, attachment outside cell, pull all contents of the cell Actin-myosin movement, attachment outside the cell, pulling all the contents of the cell Signals outside the cell, attachment outside the cell Signals outside the cell, actin-myosin movement, attachment outside the cell None of the above 35. In wound healing, which of the following serves as the primary chemotactic agent for fibroblasts? A. B. C. D. E. Fibrinogen Clotting factor VII PDGF TGF-beta None of the above 36. Which of the following activities is not involved in the migration of fibroblasts during wound healing? A. B. C. D. E. Extravasation Activation of the Rho-family GTPases Actin filament polymerization Myosin All of the above are absolutely essential for any type of cellular movement. 37. Inflammation is an important part of the healing process. Why is inflammation so important? A. B. C. D. E. Creates pain in order for the organism to know it is wounded Floods the area with blood, which brings white blood cells to the wound in order for it to heal properly Stimulates cells to multiply to fill in the wound All of the above None of the above 38. Which of the following is the correct pathway of neutrophil diapedesis? A. B. C. D. E. Rolling adhesion, tight binding, diapedesis, and migration. Shape change to squeeze between endothelium Tight binding, rolling adhesion, diapedesis and migration Diapedesis, tight binding, rolling adhesion and migration None of the above 39. Which of the following activities is not attributed to activated macrophages? A. B. C. D. E. Clean up and remove cell debris from the injured area Removing pathogens from the injured area by phagocytosis Producing and secreting chemokines to recruit more fibroblasts into the injured area Induction of angiogenesis All of the above are functions of a macrophage. 40. What is the known function of activated neutrophils? A. B. C. D. E. Involved in hemostasis Restore function to the site of a wound Phagocytosis Activate the inflammatory response Activated during the proliferation stage of wound healing 41. During wound healing, what process must occur to ensure that fibroblasts, macrophages, and new skin cells receive the appropriate amount of nutrients and oxygen to perform their duties? A. B. C. D. E. Inflammation Maturation Angiogenesis Proliferation Migration 42. What is the function of microvilli in the trachea? A. B. C. D. E. Increasing the surface area of the organ Help move unwanted debris out of the organ Restrict absorption of toxins Help trap mucus that's produced in the organ That's crazy talk. The trachea doesn't have microvilli. 43. Which of the following statement is not true regarding goblet cells? A. B. C. D. E. Goblet cells can be found in the small intestinal epithelium. Goblet cells can be found in the tracheal epithelium. Goblet cells secret mucus to protect epithelium. Goblet cells are covered with cilia, but only in the tracheal epithelium. All of the above statements are true. 44. Absorptive cells are anchored to the basal lamina via what type of junction? A. B. C. D. E. Adherens junction Hemidesmosome Tight junction Desmosome Gap junction 45. Which of the following functions is true about the epidermis of skin? A. B. C. D. E. Stem cell population can be found in the basal cell layer. Langerhans cells are monocytes-derived immune cells Cells do not differentiate when attached to the basal lamina. Melanocytes provide protection from UV radiation. All of the above are functions of the skin. 46. Which of the following is not a type of mesenchymal tissue? A. B. C. D. E. Adipose tissue Skeletal muscle Bone Cartilage Blood 47. All blood cells arise from __________ in your body. A. B. C. D. E. Osteocytes in the bone matrix Fibroblasts from the connective tissue Basal cells from the epithelium Hemapoietic stem cells from the bone marrow Chondrocytes in the cartilage matrix 48. Which of the following is not a function of PDGF released by platelets? a. Recruits fibroblasts b. Recruits blood clots c. Recruits neutrophils d. Recruits macrophages e. Recruits smooth muScle cells 49. Which of the following activities is not known to contribute to abnormal (or non-) healing? A. B. C. D. E. Presence of biofilms Excessive scarring Excessive inflammation Chronic inflammation Excessive angiogenesis 50. Platelet degranulation ( or the release of pre-packaged clotting factors) involves which of the following activities? A. B. C. D. E. Constitutive secretory pathway Regulated secretory pathway Receptor-mediated endocytotic pathway Active transport Passive transport