Unit 1-5: Questions

1 UNIT I WATER TECHNLOGY PART A - QUESTIONS 1. Define hard water. 2. Define soft water. 3. What are the various types of units to express the hardness of water? 4. Define Parts per million. 5. What is meant by temporary hardness or Carbonate hardness? 6. What is meant by Permanent hardness or non-carbonate hardness? 7. Give the difference between temporary and permanent hardness. 8. Write the expression used to calculate the Hardness of water. 9. Mention some disadvantages of hard water in domestic and industrial area. 10. What is boiler feed water (BFW)? 11. What are the disadvantages of using hard water in boilers? 12. Differentiate between sludge and scale. 13. What is meant by sludge formation in boiler? How it can be prevented? 14. What are the disadvantages of sludge formation? 15. What is meant by scale in the boiler? What are the causes for scale formation? 16. What are the disadvantages of scale formation? 17. What are the methods available for removal of Scales in boilers? 18. What are the internal treatment processes available to prevent scale formation? 19. What is Caustic embrittlement? 20. How Caustic embrittlement can be avoided? 21. What are Priming and Foaming in boilers? 22. Write the difference between Priming and Foaming. 23. What is boiler corrosion? Mention some factors responsible for it. 24. Name some water softening methods. 25. What are the Disadvantages of Lime – Soda process? 26. What are Zeolites? 27. Differentiate between Zeolite process and Lime soda process. 28. Differentiate between Lime – Soda and Demineralization process. 29. Differentiate between Zeolite and Demineralization process. 30. Explain Osmosis process. 2 31. Define Osmotic Pressure. 32. What is Reverse Osmosis? 33. What is Electro dialysis? 34. What are Cationic Exchange resins? 35. What are Anionic Exchange resins? 36. Draw the Structure Of EDTA. 37. What is the Function of lime in Lime Soda process? 38. What is the function of Soda in Lime Soda process? 39. What is Desalination? What are its uses? PART B - QUESTIONS 1. Explain Hardness of water. (Nov 11) 2. Explain the types of Hardness of water. (Jan 13) 3. What is Equivalent of Calcium Carbonate? (Jan 11) 4. Explain the various Units to express the hardness of water. (Apr 12) 5. Discuss the disadvantages of hard water. (Jan 13) 6. Explain determination of hardness of water by EDTA method. (Jan 13, May 13, May 12) 7. Write a note on Scale and Sludge formation in Boilers. (Nov 11, May 11, Nov 10) 8. Explain various internal treatment processes for scale formation. (May 12, May 11, Jan 11) 9. Write a short note on Caustic Embrittlement. (May 12, Nov 10, May 11) 10. Write a note on Priming and Foaming. 11. Write a note on Boiler corrosion. (May 12, Nov 10) 12. Explain the Lime - Soda process. (May 13, Jan 13, Nov 11, Nov 10) 13. Explain the Zeolite or Permutit process. (Nov 11, Jan 11, May 11, Nov 10) 14. Compare Permutit process with lime soda process 15. Explain Ion-exchange or Deionisation or Demineralisation Process. (May 13) 16. Explain Electro dialysis process. (May 13, May 12, Jan 11, May 11) 17. Explain reverse osmosis process. (Nov 11) 1 UNIT 2 HIGH POLYMERS PART A - QUESTIONS 1. Define Monomer and Polymer with examples. 2. Write the classification of polymers. 3. What are the different types of polymerization? 4. Define addition polymerization with example. 5. Explain Condensation polymerization with example. 6. Write a note on Copolymerization with example. 7. Distinguish between addition and condensation polymerization. 8. Write a note on Number average molecular weight. 9. Explain the Weight average molecular weight. 10. Write short note on Chemical resistance of polymers. 11. Write short note on Crystallinity of polymers. 12. Write short note on effect of heat on polymers. 13. What are the different Polymerization techniques? 14. Write a note on Bulk or Mass polymerization. 15. What are the advantages and disadvantages of Bulk Polymerization? 16. Write short note on Solution polymerization. 17. What are the advantages and disadvantages of Solution Polymerization? 18. Write short note on Emulsion polymerization. 19. What are the advantages and disadvantages of Emulsion Polymerization? 20. Write short note on Suspension or Bead polymerization. 21. What are the advantages of Bead Polymerization? 22. Write a brief note on plastics and its applications. 23. How the plastics are classified? 24. Differentiate between thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics. 25. Give the preparation and uses of Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC). 26. Give the preparation and uses of TEFLON (PTFE or FLUON). 27. Explain the preparation and uses of NYLON. 28. What are the steps in the preparation of Bakelite? Give its structure and uses. 2 29. Give the preparation and uses of Polyurethane. 30. What are the drawbacks of raw rubber? 31. Write a note on Vulcanization. 32. List the advantages of vulcanized rubber. 33. Give the preparation and uses of Styrene rubber. 34. Give the preparation and uses of Nitrile rubber. 35. Mention the preparation and uses of Butyl rubber. 36. Write about Silicone rubber. 37. What are Fiber Reinforced Plastics (FRP)? 38. Give some examples for filled plastics. 39. What are the applications of filled plastics? 40. Write note on Laminar composites. 41. Give the types and applications of Conducting polymer. PART B – QUESTIONS 1. Explain the various classification of polymers based on their characters. 2. Explain the various types of polymerization? (May 11, Nov 10) 3. Distinguish between the addition and condensation polymerizations. (N0v 11, May 10) 4. Explain the Free - Radical Polymerization mechanism. (May 13, May 12, Jan 11) 5. Write the mechanism involved in Cationic Polymerization. 6. Write note on Anionic polymerization. 7. Explain the mechanism in Coordination or Ziegler-Natta polymerization. (Jan 13, May 12) 8. Explain the chemical resistance, crystallinity and effect of heat on polymers. 9. Discuss the methods of determining the molecular weight of the polymers. (Nov 10) 10. Write note on Plastics and its types. 11. Differentiate between themoplastics and thermosetting plastics. (Jan 13, May 12, Jan 11, May 11, Nov 10) 12. Explain preparation, properties and uses of Polyvinyl chloride (PVC). (Jan 11, Nov 10) 13. Give the preparation, properties and uses of Teflon. (May 13, Jan 11, Nov 10) 14. Write about the preparation, properties and uses of Nylon. (May 11, Nov 10) 15. Discuss the preparation, properties and uses of Bakelite. (Jan 13, May 10) 3 16. Write note on the preparation, properties and uses of Polyurethane. (May 13) 17. List the drawbacks of raw rubber. 18. Explain Vulcanization and it’s advantages. (May 12, Nov 11, May 11) 19. Discuss the preparation, properties and uses of Styrene rubber (GRS or Buna-S). (May 13, Nov 11, Jan 11, May 11) 20. Explain the preparation, properties and uses of Nitrile rubber (GRX or BunaN). 21. Write note the preparation, properties and uses of Butyl rubber. 22. Write note Silicone rubbers. 23. Explain Fibre Reinforced Plastics (FRP) and its applications. 24. Write a note on laminar composites. 25. What are Conducting polymers? Briefly discuss the types of conducting polymer. (Jan 13, May 12, Nov 11) 26. Write note on moulding constituents of plastic. 27. Discuss various types of moulding techniques of plastics. 1 UNIT 3 ELECTRO CHEMICAL CELLS PART A - QUESTIONS 1. What is an electrochemical cell? 2. What is metallic conductor? 3. What is electrolytic conductor? 4. Write examples for Non-conductor and Non-electrolyte. 5. What are redox reactions? 6. What is Single Electrode Potential? 7. What is Standard Electrode Potential? 8. What is oxidation potential? 9. What is reduction potential? 10. Write the Nernst equation. 11. What is electromotive (e.m.f.) of a cell? 12. What is electromotive series or electrochemical series? 13. Mention some applications of electrochemical series. 14. Fluorine easily get reduced than undergo oxidation why? 15. Lithium more easily get oxidized than undergo reduction why? 16. Zinc displace copper from copper sulphate but copper will not displace zinc why? 17. Write the conditions for the spontaneity of redox reaction using emf series 18. Write the formula for Calculation of standard e.m.f. of the cell and the calculation of equilibrium constant 19. Znic will displace Hydrogen from the solution but silver will not. Why? 20. Anodic metals will undergo corrosion more easily than cathodic. Why? 21. How will you represent a constructed cell? 22. What is the cell representation of the Daniel cell and its e.m.f.? 23. Write down the half cell and net cell reactions of the following cell. Zn/ZnSO4 || CuSO4/Cu 24. What is the role of salt bridge in voltaic cell? 25. What is Weston Cadmium standard cell? 26. What are standard cells? 27. What is concentration cell? 28. What are different types of concentration cells? 2 29. Write the applications of concentration cells. 30. What is a reference electrode? 31. Write the formula used to calculate the e.m.f of a unknown cell. 32. Write the cell representation and reaction of hydrogen electrode. 33. List the limitations of hydrogen electrode. 34. Write the cell representation and reaction of calomel electrode 35. Write the Application of calomel electrode. 36. Give the representation of glass electrode 37.Write short note on the pH measurement using glass electrode. 38. Lists the merits and demerits of construction of glass electrode. 39. What is a reversible cell? 40. What is an Irreversible cell? 41. What are batteries? Write its classification. 42. Distinguish between primary and secondary batteries. 43. List out any three requirements of a good battery. 44. List the uses and disadvantages of dry cell. 45. Write the uses of lead acid storage cells. 46. Write short note on Nickel-Cadmium battery. 47. List the uses of nickel-cadmium battery 48. Write the reactions takes place in alkaline battery. 49. List the uses and advantages of alkaline battery 50. Define fuel cell 51. Write the reactions takes place in fuel cell 52. List the uses of fuel cells 53. Differentiate fuel cells from batteries. 54. Calculate the emf of the cell Zn/Zn2+ || Ag+/Ag Given: [Zn2+] = 0.1 M, [Ag+] = 0.1 M, E°Ag = + 0.8 V, E°Zn = - 0.76 V 55. Calculate the standard e.m.f. of a galvanic cell. The standard reduction potential of zinc and copper is – 0.76V and +0.34V respectively. 56. Determine electrode potential of zinc immersed in 0.1M ZnSO4 solution at 25° C. 57. Calculate e.m.f. of the cell, Cu / Cu2+(0.2 M) || Cu2+ (2 M) / Cu 58. Two Silver electrodes are dipped in AgNO3 solution of concentration 0.1N and 0.01N. Construct the cell and calculate its e.m.f. at 25°C. 3 59. Calculate the emf of a Daniel cell at 25°C, when the concentration of ZnSO4 and CuSO4 are 0.001 M and 0.1 respectively. Standard potential of cell is 1.1 Volts. PART B – QUESTIONS 1. What is redox or oxidation-reduction reaction? Explain with examples. 2. Explain single electrode potential. 3. Explain the measurement of single electrode potential. (May 12, Nov 11) 4. Derive Nernst’s equation for single electrode potential. (Jan 13, Nov 10) 5. What is electromotive series or electrochemical series? List out Electromotive series. 6. List out different applications of Electrochemical series. 7. What is an electrochemical cell? Explain the cell construction of Daniel cell. (Jan 11) 8. How will you represent a constructed cell? Explain with example. 9. What is a Standard cell or Weston Cadmium standard cell? 10. What is electromotive force (EMF) of a cell? How it is measured? 11. Explain the Potentiometric or Poggendorf method. (May 13, May 12) 12. What is a Concentration cell? What are the different types of Concentration cell? Explain the theory and application of Concentration cells. (May 11) 13. What is a reference Electrode? Explain the construction, application and limitations of Hydrogen electrode. (May 12, Jan 11) 14. What is a Calomel electrode? Explain the construction and applications of a Calomel electrode. (May 13, Jan 13, Nov 11, Nov 10, May 10) 15. What is a Glass electrode? Explain the construction, application and merits and demerits of a Glass electrode. 16. Explain the Reversible and Irreversible cells with examples. 17. What are Batteries? What are the major types of batteries? 18. Explain a Laclanche Cell or Dry Cell. List out its uses and disadvantages. (May 10) 19. Explain a Lead – Acid storage cell or Lead accumulator and its uses. (May 13, Jan 13, Nov 11, Jan 11, May 11, May 10) 20. Explain Nickel-Cadmium battery with equations. (Nov 10) 21. Explain alkaline battery. (May 12) 22. Define fuel cell. Explain the construction and working of H2-O2 fuel cell. What are the advantages and limitation of fuel cell? (May 13, May 11) 1 UNIT 4 CORROSION AND ITS CONTROL PART A - QUESTIONS 1. Define Corrosion. Give example for corrosion. 2. How the corrosions are classified? 3. Write a brief note on Dry corrosion. 4. What are the different types of chemical corrosion? 5. Define Pilling Bedworth Rule 6. Write note on liquid metal corrosion. 7. Write a brief note on wet corrosion. 8. Differentiate between Chemical and Electrochemical corrosion. 9. Write short note on galvanic series. 10. Write short note on galvanic corrosion 11. Give some examples for galvanic corrosion 12. Write short note on pitting corrosion 13. Write short note on concentration cell corrosion 14. Give some examples for concentration cell corrosion 15. Write short note on Stress corrosion? 16. Write short note on passivity 17. Mention any four factors which influence corrosion. 18. How do following factors affect rate of corrosion? (a)'Anodic and cathodic areas (b) pH 19. List the ways for prevention of corrosion of metals and alloys 20. How the corrosion is controlled by cathodic protection? 21. Write short note on sacrificial anodic protection method(galvanic method) 23. Write short note on impressed current cathodic protection 24. What are corrosion inhibitors? Give any two examples. 25. Write short note on vapor phase inhibitors. 26. What are protective coatings? What are its types? 27. Write short note on metallic coatings 28. Write short note on Chemical conversion coatings 29. Write short note on Organic coatings 30. Give the methods of treatment of metal surfaces before coatings? 31. Write note on Anodic coating 32. Write note on Cathodic coating. 2 33. Differentiate between anodic coatings with cathodic coating. 34. List the methods of applying metallic coatings 35. Write short note on hot dipping 36. Write short note on Galvanizing 37. Write short note on Tinning? 38. What are the applications of galvanizing? 39. What is the use of palm oil in tinning process? 40. Distinguish between Galvanizing and Tinning. 41. Briefly explain about metal cladding 42. Write short note on electroplating 43. What are the applications of Electroplating? 44. Write any four advantages of electroless plating over electro plating. 45. Write short note on anodizing. 46. Briefly explain anodizing with an example. 47. What are the applications of anodizing? 48. Why is anodizing best suited to aluminium? 49. Differentiate between Electroplating and Anodizing. PART B – QUESTIONS 1. Explain the mechanisms involved in Oxidation corrosion. 2. Write a note on porous and non-porous layer. 3. Explain the corrosion by Hydrogen, Corrosion by other gases and Liquid Metal Corrosion. (Jan 13, Nov 10) 4. Explain the mechanisms involved in electrochemical corrosion. (May 13, May 12) 5. List out the differences between Chemical and Electrochemical corrosion. 6. Explain galvanic corrosion with example. (Nov 11, may 11, Nov 10) 7. Write short note on pitting corrosion. (Jan 13) 8. Explain the term concentration cell corrosion. (Nov 11, May 10) 9. Explain any three ways for prevention of corrosion of metals and alloys 10. Explain corrosion control by cathodic protection. (May 12, 13 Nov 11, Jan 11, May 11) 11. What are corrosion inhibitors? How do they act? (Jan 11, May 10) 12. Write short note on protective coatings and its types. 13. Write a brief note on metallic coatings. 3 14. Explain the methods of applying metallic coatings (Galvanizing and Tinning). (May 13, Jan 13, May 12, Nov 11, May 11) 15. Compare the process of galvanizing and tinning. 16. Explain the corrosion control by metal cladding. 17. What is electroplating? Discuss briefly how electroplating protects the base metals. What are the factors that control the thickness of coating by this procedure? (Nov 10) 18. Write briefly on anodising. (May 13, May 11) 19. Distinguish between electroplating and anodizing. What are their applications? (Jan 13) 20. Write a brief note on stress corrosion. 21. What are galvanic series? What is its significance? 1 PHASE RULE UNIT 5 PART A - QUESTIONS 1. State Phase Rule. 2. Define Phase with examples. 3. Define Component with examples. 4. How many components are present when ammonium chloride is heated in a closed vessel? 5. Define Degree of Freedom with examples. 6. Apply phase rule to calculate the degree of freedom at the triple point of a one component system. 7. Write the significance of triple point. 8. Give the Merits and Limitations of Phase Rule 9. Explain phase diagram with it’s significance. 10. What are the possible cases in a two-component system? 11. What is condensed phase rule or reduced phase rule? 12. Write a note on melting point, triple point and eutectic points? 13. Write short note on Eutectic system with its application. 14. Explain (a) Eutectic mixture, (b) Eutectic Point. 15. Differentiate the triple point from the eutectic point. 16. Write short note on meta stable curve in water system. 17. Write short note on cooling curve 18. Write short note on thermal analysis 19. Draw the cooling curve for One component system 20. Draw the cooling curve for two component system 21. Explain the significance of lead silver alloy system 22. What are solid solution? 23. Explain solidus and liquidus solution. 24. Briefly explain the application of copper nickel alloy system 25. What is meant by Congruent melting point? 26. Calculate the number of phases present in the following systems: (i) MgCO3 (s) MgO (s) + CO2 (g) (ii) Rhombic (s) Monoclinic sulphur (s) (iii) NH4Cl (s) NH3 (g) + HCl (g) (iv) (v) Ice (s) Water (l) I2 (s) Water vapour (g), I2 (g) 2 (vi) an emulsion of oil in water, (vii) When CaCO3 (s) is heated (viii) System consists of benzene and water (ix) A gaseous mixture of N2, H2 & NH3 in equilibrium 27. Calculate the number of components present in the following systems: (i) CaCO3 (s) CaO (s) + CO2 (g) (ii) Ag (s) + Pb (s) (iii) H2O (l) (iv) H2O (s) (v) NH4Cl (s) NH3 (g) + HCl (g) (vi) NH4Cl (s) x NH3 (g) + y HCl (g) (vii) NaCl (s) NaCl (aq) Ag - Pb (l) + Pb + Ag (g) ½ H2 (g) + O2 (g) H2 (g) + H2O (g) (viii) Fe (s) + H2O (g) FeO (s) + H2 (g) 28. How many degrees of freedom are present in the following systems? (i) A gas in equilibrium with its solution in a liquid (ii) A solution of a solid in a liquid in equilibrium with solvent vapour (iii) Two partially miscible liquids in the absence of vapour (iv) I2 (s) (vi) NaCl (s) I2 (g) (v) NH3 (g) NaCl - water (aq) water-vapour (g) PART B – QUESTIONS 1. State Phase Rule and explain the terms involved in phase rule. (May 13, May 12, Nov 11, May 11, May 10) 2. Give the Merits and Limitations of Phase Rule 3. Derive the Phase Rule equation. 4. Explain the Water System. (Nov 11, Jan 11, Nov 10, May 10) 5. Discuss the Sulphur system. (Jan 13, May 12, May 11) 6. Explain Thermal Analysis. How will you distinguish between eutectic and melting points by thermal analysis? (Jan 13, May 13, Jan 11, May 11) 7. Explain Lead–Silver system forming eutectic alloy. (Jan 11, May 11, May 13, Nov 10, 11) 8. Explain the Zn-Mg alloy system. (Jan 13, May 12) 9. Discuss the effect of temperature on composition in Copper - Nickel system and mention its application? (May 13, Nov 11, May 10)