Graphic Organizer Perspectives of America Unit

Graphic Organizer | Perspectives of America Unit Directions: As you complete each lesson in the unit, use this organizer to take notes on the key terms and vocabulary, artwork, and speeches discussed in the lessons. Section One: Key Terms and Vocabulary Vocabulary Word/Term democracy Definition A way of governing where the people have the power to choose their leaders, usually by voting. diversity A group or situation that includes many different types of people or things. equality Treating everyone the same and giving them the same rights and chances, no matter who they are. The idea that each person is unique and important, and should be free to think and act for themselves. Freedom from being controlled by others; the right to make your own choices and live your life as you want A chance to do something good or to achieve something. individualism liberty opportunity unity Being joined together as one; working together towards a common goal. purpose The reason why something exists or why you are doing something rhetorical appeal A way of persuading someone to think or believe something by using language that is designed to be convincing and impactful. A rhetorical appeal that uses credibility and trust. ethos logos A rhetorical appeal that uses logic and facts. pathos A rhetorical appeal that uses emotions. counterargument An argument that is against another argument. refutation Explaining why a counterargument is wrong or not important. Section Two: Artwork and Speeches Title Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze (artwork) What is the creator trying to say through their work? Leutze is trying to show the bravery and determination of George Washington and his troops during a very difficult time in the American Revolution. He wants to inspire feelings of patriotism and remind people of the sacrifices made to create the United States. The painting makes Washington look like a strong leader, even in the face of hardship. How does the creator develop their perspective and achieve their purpose? Leutze uses several techniques to show his perspective. Dramatic Lighting: He uses strong light to focus on Washington and the boat, making them stand out. Heroic Pose: Washington is standing tall and confident, leading his men. Symbolism: The difficult conditions (ice, cold) represent the challenges they faced. Diversity: Soldiers from different backgrounds are shown together, representing the unity of the American cause. Bartholdi wants to show the idea of freedom and liberty as a guiding light for the world. The statue represents the United States as a place of hope and opportunity for immigrants and those seeking freedom from oppression. Bartholdi uses several aspects to get his point across. Scale and Design: The statue is huge, making it impressive and memorable. Symbolic Elements: The torch stands for enlightenment, the broken chains at her feet represent freedom from tyranny, and the tablet represents law and knowledge. Placement: Its position in New York harbor welcomes newcomers to America. Rockwell is illustrating President Franklin D. Roosevelt's idea of the "Four Freedoms" that everyone in the world should have: Freedom of Speech, Freedom of Worship, Freedom from Want, and Freedom from Fear. Rockwell wants to show these freedoms as everyday, relatable experiences. Rockwell uses several ideas to portray his ideas. Everyday Scenes: He depicts regular people in common situations, making the freedoms seem accessible and important to everyone. Warm and Familiar Style: Rockwell's style is realistic and heartwarming, creating a sense of comfort and connection. Clear Visuals: Each painting clearly shows one of the freedoms in action, so the viewer can easily understand the concept. Emotional Connection: The paintings show human emotion and connection, making the freedoms feel personal and important. Liberty Enlightening the World by Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi (artwork) Four Freedoms by Norman Rockwell (artwork) "I Am an American Day" Address by Learned Hand (speech) "What Does American Democracy Mean to Me?" by Mary McLeod Bethune (speech) Excerpt from "An Indian's View of Indian Affairs" by Chief Joseph (speech) Hand argues that being an American isn't about shared race, religion, or ancestry. It's about embracing a spirit of liberty, cherishing doubt, and constantly questioning beliefs to build a more just society. He wants Americans to focus on how they think, not what they think. He uses a formal, persuasive tone. He defines American ideals by contrasting them with closed-mindedness and conformity. He appeals to his audience's sense of civic duty and responsibility to uphold these ideals. What is the creator trying to say? Bethune's speech emphasizes that American democracy should mean equality and opportunity for ALL Americans, especially Black Americans. She highlights the progress made but also points out the work that remains to achieve true equality in education, jobs, and civic participation. Bethune speaks from her experience as a Black woman and educator. She uses personal anecdotes and passionate language to connect with her audience. She combines hope and optimism with a clear call to action, urging Americans to fulfill the promise of democracy for everyone. Chief Joseph is conveying the betrayal and injustice experienced by Native Americans at the hands of the U.S. government. He argues for fair treatment, peace, and the right to live freely on their ancestral lands. He wants Americans to understand the Native American perspective and correct past wrongs. He uses simple, direct language to describe the broken promises and violence his people have faced. He appeals to the audience's sense of fairness and humanity by contrasting the government's actions with his people's desire for peace. He expresses a deep connection to the land. "Address at the National Archives Dedicating the New Shrine for the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, and the Bill of Rights" by Harry Truman (speech) Excerpts from "Fundamental Principle of a Republic" by Anna Howard Shaw (speech) Indians Migrating by Alexander F. Harmer (artwork) Truman is emphasizing the importance of the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, and the Bill of Rights as the foundation of American freedom. He stresses that these documents represent a continuing struggle for democracy and that each generation must defend and uphold them. He speaks with patriotic fervor, linking these documents to the ongoing fight against tyranny and oppression. He frames them as living documents that require constant vigilance and reinterpretation to meet the challenges of the present. Shaw argues that the fundamental principle of a republic is the consent of the governed, and therefore women should have the right to vote. She believes excluding women from voting is a denial of basic democratic principles and a form of tyranny. She uses logical arguments, historical examples, and passionate appeals to justice and equality. She challenges the common arguments against women's suffrage, highlighting their inconsistency with American ideals. Harmer's artwork likely depicts the forced removal and displacement of Native Americans, perhaps during westward expansion. The painting seeks to evoke a sense of loss, sorrow, and the disruption of a way of life. It could be commenting on the tragic consequences of U.S. policy towards Native Americans. Harmer develops his perspective by showing a group of people, suggesting it is a community. The way he has represented it, would inform the viewer that they are poor. He achieves his perspective by capturing a moment in time. Kaufmann is likely trying to show the courage and determination of soldiers during the Civil War. He wants to inspire feelings of patriotism and highlight the fight for freedom and liberty. It's about showing the Union soldiers as heroes. The artist uses dramatic imagery and likely focuses on the expressions and postures of the soldiers to convey resolve. The overall composition would likely show them moving forward, giving the impression of progress and determination towards the goal of "liberty." Bellows is likely trying to capture the crowded and chaotic life of people living in a poor urban neighborhood. It's a commentary on the conditions and challenges faced by many in cities during that time. Bellows uses busy, chaotic scenes, showing cramped spaces and lots of people interacting. He focuses on the details of everyday life to show the reality of poverty and overcrowding. He likely uses darker, more muted colors to further convey the atmosphere. In "The True American," Enoch Wood Perry, Jr. is trying to show the importance of understanding and accepting different cultures in America. The artwork suggests that all people, regardless of their background, can contribute to the idea of being an American. Perry develops his perspective by depicting diverse characters in the artwork, representing different cultures and backgrounds. He uses colors and expressions to show harmony and unity among these individuals, helping viewers feel that everyone is a part of America, no matter where they come from. This visual message supports his purpose of promoting acceptance and understanding. On to Liberty by Theodor Kaufmann (artwork) Cliff Dwellers by George Bellows (artwork) The True American by Enoch Wood Perry, Jr. (artwork) Bellows is likely trying to capture the crowded and chaotic life of people living in a poor urban neighborhood. It's a commentary on the conditions and challenges faced by many in cities during that time. Bellows uses busy, chaotic scenes, showing cramped spaces and lots of people interacting. He focuses on the details of everyday life to show the reality of poverty and overcrowding. He likely uses darker, more muted colors to further convey the atmosphere. In "The True American," Enoch Wood Perry, Jr. is trying to show the importance of understanding and accepting different cultures in America. The artwork suggests that all people, regardless of their background, can contribute to the idea of being an American. Perry develops his perspective by depicting diverse characters in the artwork, representing different cultures and backgrounds. He uses colors and expressions to show harmony and unity among these individuals, helping viewers feel that everyone is a part of America, no matter where they come from. This visual message supports his purpose of promoting acceptance and understanding. Cliff Dwellers by George Bellows (artwork) The True American by Enoch Wood Perry, Jr. (artwork)