University:
High School
Course:
High School Medicine
Academic year:

2024
Views:

250

Pages:

20
Author:

Dave D.

CARBOHYDRATES & LIPIDS Essential Questions 1. Identify the monomer, polymers and primary function of carbohydrates. (Essential Skill 1-3) 2. Identify the monomers, polymers and primary function of lipids. (Essential Skill 1-3) Carbohydrates Sugars & Starches & Fiber Function of Carbohydrates  Used for short-term energy in all organisms and for structure in plants. Monosaccharides (simple sugars)= monomer of carbohydrates   Mono- = one Examples    Glucose (C6H12O6) = sugar used as an energy source in all cells. Other Examples: Fructose (Fruit sugar) & Galactose (Milk sugar) Isomers – molecules with the same atoms that are arranged differently  Many monosaccharides are isomers Disaccharides (sugars) = 2 monosaccharides linked together.   Di- = two Examples: Lactose (milk sugar) & Sucrose (table sugar) Polysaccharides (Starches & Complex Carbs.) = 3 or more monosaccharides linked.  Poly- = Many  Examples  Glycogen = Used as energy storage in animals (stored glucose)  Cellulose = Used to form the cell wall of plants. Lipids Function: Used for long-term energy storage. Monomers of Lipids (there are 2)   Glycerol = monomer that can hold 3 fatty acids Fatty Acids = long chains of C & H. Polymers of Lipids  Triglyceride = normal energy storage lipid  3 fatty acids & 1 glycerol Other Classes of Lipids to Know   Phospholipids = used to make all cell membranes. Steroids = chemical messengers.  Cholesterol = strengthens cell membranes. Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fats  Saturated = animal fat solid at room temp.  “bad fat”  no double bonds in fatty acid (straight molecule   Unsaturated = plant fat  liquid at room temp.  “good fat”  has double bonds in fatty acid (bent molecule) Hydrogenated/Trans Fat  Unsaturated fat that food companies turn into saturated fat, for better “look” of food or preservation.  BAD! Linked to heart disease. Some fat is good!  Healthy levels of fat are needed for:  insulation  organ protection  long –term energy storage What happens when you have too much bad fat 75% blockage Cross section of arteries Bypass Surgery