University:
Jackson College
Course:
GEO 131 | Physical Geography
Academic year:

2024
Views:

106

Pages:

4
Author:

Carmelo Walsh

Day 1 Atmosphere hand out notes - Atmosphere's composition (in homosphere) live in thes it has the same composition mixture throughouter Nitrogen (N) 78% Oxygen (0) 21% 21% Anch (Ar) Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) 0.04% Other gases (Ne, He, Chy) 0.01% % of the atmosphere's weight is in the bottom 32 km (closest to Earth) 13000km Teena Saved -99 - Earth is almost 13,000 km in diameter (for scale-thin atmosphere!) Lavers mosphere atm extends up to 80km with the me composition (the mixture of N, O, Ar, etc) Heterosphere from 80km to 1000km there is a layer of up to 2400km is a layer of Helium interplanetary space. and then Dxygen then Hudregen Extends into Ionosphare the UV rays from the sun knock electrons out of atqms, creates 4 layers of ions (charged atoms); these layers are used to reflect radio waves to many locations on Earth; extends from 60km to 300km or above. -Dzonosphare a layer of active form of oxygen, alasorbs UV rays, located 15 to 50km up, destroyed by Freon (spray cans) and hydrocarbons from supersonic jets Temperature layers: Imposphere the layer we live in, temperature drops as you climb up, weather occurs in this layer, surface to 18km up where the Tropopause is Stratosphere from 18 to 50km up where the Stratopause is found, temperature rises as you go up in elevation Mesosphere from 50 to 80km up where the Mesopause is found; temperature Nops as you go up My Thermos Thermos phare: from 80 to 500km or into space; temperature rises you go up as Other things in the atmosphere: watha vapour only in Troposphere, amount determines humidity level and number of clouds dust water vapour condenses around dust and salt particles forming clouds clouds found in the lower part of the troposphere usually airplanes fly around 11 km up at the highest auroras (northern lights): solar flare particles interact with Earth's magnetic field about 300km up creating auroras meteor's rock particles from space enter our atmosphere and louin up at the bottom of the thermosphere (around 90km up) Mt. Everest is 9 km high (for scale) Pg 406-407 Changing the content of the atmosphere: Ozone depletion: More UV rays will reach Earth causing more burning and skin cancer. (NOTE: UV rays are not heat) Greenhouse effect: The trapping of the sun's heat by H₂O vapour + CO₂ in the atm so the more CO₂ and H₂O vapour there is, the more heat is trapped. How the greenhouse effect works: The ground absorbs the heat and re-emits it with a longer wavelength (infrared) radiation which can pass through the atmosphere and reaches the ground. The long wavelength waves can not pass through the atm as easily so some of them get trapped by CO₂ and H₂O vapour thus heating the atmosphere. Diagram: diagram showing the greenhouse effect, with arrows indicating the flow of shortwave and longwave radiation Four ways the sun's energy moves: Radiation: Electromagnetic waves travel through space at the speed of light Conduction: Object receives heat from contact with a hotter object Convection: Heat moves by currents (circulation) in a heated liquid or gas (i.e. a pot of boiling water: conduction from the element, then convection) diagram showing a convection cell in a pot of boiling water Advection: The bottom arrow of a convection cell; the wind arrow

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