ATI Exam 2 Study Guide (Modules 3 & 4)

■ ATI Exam 2 Study Guide (Modules 3 & 4) I. Health Care Delivery (5 Questions) - U.S. Health Care System: Sites (hospitals, clinics, long-term care, rehab, home health, hospice). - Workers: nurses, physicians, PAs, NPs, pharmacists, therapists, CNAs, social workers. - Regulation: Joint Commission, OSHA, state boards, CMS, FDA. - Financing: private insurance, Medicare, Medicaid, ACA, out-of-pocket. - Expanded Roles: NP, CNS, CRNA, CNM, educator, administrator, researcher, entrepreneur, forensic nurse. II. Communication (6 Questions) - Levels: Intrapersonal (self-talk), Interpersonal (one-on-one), Group (team). - Verbal: clarity, brevity, timing, vocabulary, pacing. - Nonverbal: body language, posture, expression, eye contact, touch. - Types: therapeutic, SBAR, electronic, written, verbal reports. - Barriers: jargon, cultural differences, lack of privacy, impairments. - Group benefits: teamwork, collaboration, problem-solving. III. Patient Education - Bloom’s Domains: Cognitive (knowledge), Affective (attitudes), Psychomotor (skills). - Strategies: motivation, readiness, cultural competence, SMART outcomes. - Nurse’s Role: assess, teach, evaluate, advocate for health literacy. IV. Documentation - Formats: Narrative, SOAP, PIE, DAR, charting by exception, EHR. - Guidelines: factual, accurate, complete, timely, confidential. - Occurrence reports: internal only, not in chart. - Benefits of EHR: continuity, real-time access, fewer errors. V. Vital Signs (6 Questions) - Physiology: Temp (hypothalamus), Pulse (SA node), Resp (medulla), BP (CO x PVR). - Normals: Newborn HR 120–160, RR 30–60; Adult HR 60–100, RR 12–20, BP <120/80. - Hypertension teaching: diet, weight, exercise, meds, no smoking/alcohol. - Abnormal findings: fever, tachycardia, irregular rhythms. VI. Promoting Health - Prevention: Primary (vaccines), Secondary (screenings), Tertiary (rehab). - Nurse’s Role: advocate, educator, implement wellness programs. - Risk factors: modifiable (diet, smoking), non-modifiable (age, genetics). - Assessment: health history, lifestyle, environment, support system. VII. Asepsis & Infection Control - Chain of Infection: agent, reservoir, exit, transmission, entry, host. - Precautions: Standard, Contact (MRSA), Droplet (flu), Airborne (TB). - Defenses: Primary (skin, mucous), Secondary (inflammation, fever), Tertiary (antibodies). - Across lifespan: newborns = immature immunity, elderly = decreased immunity. VIII. Immunizations - Strategies: CDC schedule, child visits, flu, adult boosters (Tdap, shingles). IX. Health Assessment (8 Questions) - Normal vs Abnormal findings: skin, lungs, heart, abdomen. - Steps: Inspection, Palpation, Percussion, Auscultation. X. Dosage Calculations (5 Questions) - Formula: (Desired / Available) x Quantity. - Example: Lasix 40 mg PO; available 20 mg/tab → 2 tabs. - Example: 1000 mL NS/8h, 15 gtt/mL → 31 gtt/min. - Pediatric: weight-based (mg/kg). Always double-check high-alert meds.