Guide to Common Medical Terminology

Match the medical terms and the systems with their correct definitions : A. The Integumentary System B. The Skeletal System C. The Muscular System D. The Nervous System E. The Endocrine System F. The Cardiovascular System G. The Lymphatic System and Immunity H. The Respiratory System I. The Digestive System J. The Urinary System K. The Reproductive System 1. The basic structure of our body, which includes the bones and joints (B) 2. Removes wastes and toxins from the body, and consists of kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra (J) 3. It’s responsible for protecting the body from infection, maintaining a balance of fluids, and absorbing fats (G) 4. Consists of glands that produce hormones, and works with the nervous system to maintain the body’s homeostasis (E) 5. It’s responsible for movement, posture, and control of certain circulatory functions (C) 6. Supplies oxygen to the cells and removes carbon dioxide, and consists of nose, pharynx, larynx, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, and lungs (H) 7. Allows the body to absorb nutrients from food and fluids, and consists of the tract from the oral cavity to the anus (I) 8. Protects the body from various kinds of damage, and includes the skin, hair, nails, and sebaceous and sudoriferous glands (A) 9. It coordinates the body’s involuntary and voluntary actions (D) 10. Allows us to perpetuate life (K) 11. This system carries oxygen and nutrients through the blood (F) ➢ The Body’s Organization : A. Epi- B. Hypo- C. InfraD. Leio- E. Trans12. 13. 14. 15. 16. Across (E) Smooth (D) Below, or deficient (B) Below (C) Upon, sometimes it can mean around (A) A. Anter/o B. Cerv/o C. Chondr/o D. Cyt/o E. Dors/o F. Gastr/o G. Inguin/o H. My/o I. Myel/o J. Neur/o K. Poster/o L. Proxim/o M. Sarc N. Super/o 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. Posterior, back (K) Groin (G) Flesh (M) Spinal cord, bone marrow (I) Cartilage (C) Front, anterior (A) Superior (N) Near (L) Stomach (F) Back (E) Nerve, neuron (J) Neck (B) Cell (D) Muscle (H) A. -algia B. -cyte C. -edema D. -ic E. -ium F. -oid G. -oma 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. Pertaining to (D) Pain (A) Like, Resemblance to (F) Watery fluid in tissues, swelling (C) Structure, or tissue (E) Cell (B) Tumor (G) • Epigastric : Area just above the stomach, pertaining to upon the stomach, pertaining to the area above the stomach. • Hypogastric : Pertaining to below the stomach, area just below the stomach, pertaining to below the stomach. ➢ The Integumentary System : A. An- B. Anti- C. DeD. Hyper- E. Para- F. Sub38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. Without (A) Beside, beyond, near, alongside of, abnormal (E) Removal (C) Against, opposite, opposed to (B) Below or under (F) Above normal, excessive (D) A. Albin/o B. Cirrh/o, jaund/o, xanth/o C. Cutane/o D. Cyan/o E. Derm/o/at/ato F. Erythr/o G. Fero H. Ichthy/o I. Kerat/o J. Melan/o K. Myc/o L. Onych/o M. Pil/o N. Scler/o O. Seb/o P. Sudor/i/ Q. Xer/o 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. Skin (C) (E) Hair (M) Blue (D) Yellow (B( Hardening (N) Sebum (oil;fat) (O) To carry (G) Black (J) Red (F) Dry (Q) Fungus (K) Sweat (P) White (A) Nail (L) Dry, scaly (fishlike) (H) Hornlike (I) A. -derma B. -ia E. -logy F. -osis 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. C. -ism D. -logist Condition, sometimes it can mean abnormal condition (F) Condition (B) (C) Skin (A) Practitioner (D) Study (E) • Scleroderma : chronic hardening and thickening of the skin, hardening of the skin. ➢ The Skeletal System : A. Amphi65. 66. 67. B. Syn- C. Zygo- Joined together (B) Both sides (A) Joined (yoked) together (C) A. Ankyl/o B. Arthr/o C. Brachi/o D. Cervic/o E. Cheir/o F. Cost/o G. Dactyl/o H. Lumb/o I. Orth/o J. Os/te/o K. Ped/o L. Scoli/o M. Thorac/o 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. Hand (E) Stiff, fused, closed (A) Rib (F) Joint (B) Foot, child (K) Thorax, chest (M) Bone (J) Lower back (H) Twisted (L) Finger, toe (G) Arm (C) Neck (D) Correct, straight (I) A. -gram B. -itis C. -kinesia D. -malacia E. -plasty F. -porosis G. -scopy H. -sis 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. Softening (D) Condition (H) Inflammation (B) Surgical repair (E) Written record of (A) Porous (F) Movement (C) To visually examine (G) • Osteoarthritis : Degeneration of joint cartilage and the underlying bone, inflammation of the bone and joint. • Scoliosis : Lateral curvature of the spine. ➢ The Muscular System : A. A89. 90. 91. B. Hemi- C. Quadri- Deficient, without (A) Four (C) Half (B) A. Cardi/o B. Fasci/o C. Fibr/o D. Kinesi/o E. Muscul/o F. Pedics G. Sthen/o H. Tend/o, tendin/o I. Ton/o 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. Muscle (E) Child (F) Fiber (C) Tone (I) Heart (A) Fibrous membrane (B) Tendon (H) Movement (D) Strength (G) A. -dynia 101. 102. 103. B. -paresis C. -plegia Paralysis (C) Partial paralysis, weakness, loss of movement (B) Pain (A) • Fibromyalgia : A disorder that causes widespread pain and tenderness to touch, pain of the fibers of a muscle. • Hemiplegia : Paralysis of one side of the body. ➢ The Nervous System : A. An104. 105. B. Di- Two (B) Without (A) A. Cephal/o B. Cerebell/o C. Cerebr/o D. Cortic/o E. Encephal/o F. Esthesi/o G. Gli/o H. Hydr/o I. Iatr/o J. Meningi/o K. Ment/o L. Schiz/o M. Psych/o 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. 117. Physician; to treat (I) The cerebrum; the brain (C) To split (L) Referring to the mind (K) (M) Head (A) Sensation (F) Outer layer or covering (D) A membrane (J) Water (H) Glue (G) The brain (E) The cerebellum (B) A. -mnesia 118. 119. B. -phasia Speech (B) Memory (A) • Anesthesia : A condition of absence of sensation. • Encephalitis : Inflammation of the brain. ➢ The Endocrine System : A. Acr/o B. Aden/o C. Adren/o, adrenal/o D. Calc/i E. Crin/o F. Endocrin/o G. Gluc/o, glyc/o/s H. Hypophys/o I. Pancreat/o J. Parathyr/o, parathyroid/o K. Thyr/o, thyroid/o 120. 121. 122. 123. 124. 125. 126. 127. 128. 129. 130. Parathyroid Gland (J) Extremities (A) Sugar, glucose, glycogen (G) Calcium (D) Pituitary Gland (H) Gland (B) Thyroid Gland (K) Pancreas (I) To separate or secrete (E) Adrenal Glands (C) Endocrine (F) A. -megaly 131. 132. 133. B. -tropin C. -uria Enlargement (A) Urine (C) Nourishment; stimulation (B) • Glycosuria : Sugar in the urine. • Thyroiditis : Inflammation of the thyroid gland. ➢ The Cardiovascular System : A. Bi- B. Brady- C. EndoD. Peri- E. Tachy- F. Tri134. 135. 136. 137. 138. 139. Slow (B) Three (F) Around, surrounding (D) Two (A) Fast (E) Inner, inside (C) A. Angi/o B. Arteri/o C. Ather/o D. Atri/o E. Coron/o F. Hem/o, hemat/o G. Isch H. Ox/o I. Phleb/o J. Thromb/o K. Varic/o L. Vas/o M. Ven/o 140. 141. 142. 143. 144. 145. 146. 147. 148. 149. 150. Restricted, narrowed (G) Vein (I) (M) Vessel (A) (L) Blood (F) Artery (B) Crown; encircling (E) Fatty (C) Oxygen (H) Clot (J) Dilated (K) Atrium (D) A. -ectasis 151. 152. 153. 154. B. -emia C. -pathy Dilation (A) A narrowing (D) Blood condition (B) Disease (C) D. -stenosis • Bradycardia : Abnormally slow heartbeat. • Hypoxemia : Low level of oxygen in blood. ➢ The Lymphatic System and Immunity : A. Auto155. 156. 157. 158. B. Mono- C. Macro- D. Micro- Single (B) Self (A) Small (D) Large (C) A. Immun/o B. Leuk/o C. Lymphaden/o D. Lymphangi/o E. Lymph/o, lymphat/o F. Path/o G. Phag/o H. Splen/o I. Thym/o J. Tonsill/o 159. 160. 161. 162. 163. 164. 165. 166. 167. 168. Lymph vessels (D) Spleen (H) White (B) Disease (F) Immune system (A) Lymph node, usually palatine tonsil (J) Lymph nodes (C) Ingest or engulf, swallowing (G) Thymus (I) Lymph or lymphatic system (E) • Lymphedema : Lymph tissue swelling. • Tonsillitis : Inflammation of a tonsil. ➢ The Respiratory System : A. Bronch/o-, bronch/i169. 170. 171. B. Dys- C. Super-, supra- Above or excessive (C) Bronchus (A) Difficult, difficulty (B) A. Bronch/o, bronchi/o B. Laryng/o C. Nas/o, rhin/o D. Or/o E. Phren/o F. Pleur/o G. Pneum/o, pneumon/o H. Pulmon/o I. Sinus/o J. Thorac/o, thorac/i, thoracic/o K. Trache/o 172. 173. 174. 175. 176. 177. 178. 179. 180. 181. 182. Air, lung (G) Mouth, opening (D) Larynx (B) Trachea (K) Bronchus (A) Diaphragm (E) Lung (H) Nose (C) Sinus cavity (I) Thorax, chest (J) Pleura (F) A. -oxia 183. 184. 185. B. -phonia C. -pnea Voice (B) Breathing (C) Oxygen (A) • Apnea : Absence of breathing. • Hypoxia : Low level of oxygen in tissue. ➢ The Digestive System : A. Bucc/o B. Cheil/o C. Cholecyst/o D. Dent/i, dent/o E. Enter/o F. Gingiv/o G. Gloss/o H. Hepat/o I. Proct/o J. Sial/o K. Stomat/o 186. 187. 188. 189. 190. 191. 192. 193. 194. 195. 196. Gums (F) Salivary Glands (J) Cheek (A) Gallbladder (C) Liver (H) Intestine (E) Mouth (K) Lip (B) Anus and rectum (I) Teeth (D) Tongue (G) A. -cele B. -emesis C. -lith D. -pepsia E. -phagia F. -scope G. -scopy 197. 198. 199. 200. 201. 202. 203. Eat or swallow (E) Vomit (B) Device for visual examination (F) Digestion (D) Stone (C) Hernia (A) Visual examination (G) • Dysphagia : difficulty of swallowing. • Hyperemesis : excessive vomiting. ➢ The Urinary System : A. Peri204. 205. 206. B. Poly- C. Retro- Around (A) Much, many (B) Backward, behind (C) A. Cyst/o B. Glomerul/o C. Lith/o D. Nephr/o, ren/o E. Noct/o F. Olig/o G. Py/o H. Pyel/o I. Ur/o, urin/o J. Ureter/o K. Urethr/o 207. 208. 209. 210. 211. 212. 213. 214. 215. 216. 217. Urethra (K) Pus (G) Glomerulus (B) Kidney (D) Urine (I) Bladder (A) Little, few (F) Stone (C) Ureter (J) Night (E) Pelvis (H) A. -ectomy 218. 219. B. -megaly Removal, excision (A) Enlargement (B) • Dysuria : Difficult or painful urination. • Nephrectomy : Surgical removal of a kidney. ➢ The Reproductive System : A. Hydro220. 221. 222. 223. B. Neo- C. Pre-, pro- D. Re- Water (A) New (B) Again (D) Before (C) A. Balan/o B. Cervic/o C. Circum/o D. Colp/o, vagin/o E. Gonad/o F. Gynec/o G. Lact/o H. Mast/o, mamm/o I. Men/o J. Nat/o K. Oophor/o, oo L. Ovari/o M. Prostat/o N. Salping/o O. Uter/o, hyster/o, metr/o P. Vas/o 224. 225. 226. 227. 228. 229. 230. 231. 232. 233. 234. 235. 236. 237. 238. 239. Vessel, vas deferens (P) Gonads, sex glands (E) Around (C) Ovary, egg (K) Glans penis (A) Birth (J) Tube, fallopian tube (N) Uterus (O) Cervix (B) Breast (H) Vagina (D) Prostate gland (M) Woman, female (F) Menustration (I) Milk (G) Ovary (L) A. -cele 240. 241. 242. 243. B. -genesis C. -rrhea D. -sterone Production (B) Flowing, discharge (C) Hernia (A) Steroid hormone (D) • Dysmenorrhea : Painful menustration. • Hysterectomy : Removal of the uterus. ➢ Sense of Sight and Hearing : A. Auri244. 245. 246. 247. B. Extra- C. Presby- D. Sensor- Sensory (D) Outside (B) Old (C) Ear (A) ➢ Sense of Sight : A. Blephar/o B. Dacry/o C. Dipl/o D. Ocul/o E. Opt/o F. Retin/o 248. 249. 250. 251. 252. 253. Eye (D) Two, double (C) Retina (F) Tears, lacrima (B) Light, eye, vision (E) Eyelid (A) ➢ Sense of Hearing : A. Acous/o, acus/o, acoust/o B. Audi/o D. Auricul/o E. Ot/o F. Tympan/o 254. 255. 256. 257. Ear (C) (D) (E) Sound (B) Eardrum (F) Hearing (A) A. -ectomy 258. 259. 260. C. Aur/o B. -opia C. -ptosis Excision or removal (A) Falling or downward displacement (C) Eye, vision (B) • Diplopia : Double vision. • Retinitis : Inflammation of the retina. ➢ Common medical terms and their meanings : • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Chondrocyte : A cell that is responsible for cartilage formation. Gastralgia : Pain of the stomach. Neuroma : Tumor of the nerve tissue. Sarcoma : A general term for a broad group of cancers that begin in the bones and in the soft tissues. Myelofibrosis : An uncommon type of bone marrow cancer that disrupts the body’s normal production of blood cells. Dorsal : Pertaining to the back of the body. Xanthoma : A skin condition in which certain fats build up under the surface of the skin. Onychomycosis : A fungal infection of the toenails or fingernails. Seborrhea : Excessive discharge of sebum from the sebaceous glands. Xeroderma : Dry skin. Ichthyosis : A group of skin disorders that lead to dry, itchy skin that appears scaly, rough, and red. Albinism : A rare genetic disorder where you aren’t born with the usual amount of melanin pigment. Pilosis : The condition of abnormal or excessive growth of hair. Ankylosis : Stiffness or fixation of a joint, union of separate bones or hard parts to form a single bone or part. Lumbalgia : Lower back pain. Costochondritis : Inflammation of the cartilage that joins the ribs to the breastbone. Orthopnea : Shortness of breath that occurs while lying flat and is relieved by sitting or standing. Hyperkinesia : Excessive movement. Sthenic : Pertaining to having a high or excessive level of strength and energy. Meningitis : Inflammation (swelling) of the protective membranes covering the brain and the spinal cord. Psychiatric : Pertaining to mental illness and its treatment. Aphasia : Loss of ability to speak. • Hydronephrosis : A condition of the swelling of the kidneys as a result of a build-up of urine inside them. • Hypophysitis : Inflammation of the pituitary gland. • Pancreatoma : Tumor of the pancreas. • Hypercalcemia : High level of calcium in the blood. • Thrombophlebitis : Inflammation (swelling) of a vein that is caused by a blood clot. • Ischemia : A condition in which blood flow is restricted or reduced. • Bronchiectasis : A pathologic dilation of the bronchi of the lung. • Splenomegaly : Enlargement of the spleen. • Thymoma : Diseases in which malignant cells form in the thymus. • Phagocyte : Cells that has the ability to ingest foreign particles. • Pneumonitis : Inflammation of the lung tissues. • Tracheomalacia : The collapse of the airway when breathing. • Sinusitis : Swelling of the sinuses. • Apnea : Breath stopping while asleep, or due to having almost no airflow. • Dyspepsia : Indigestion. • Glossitis : Inflammation of the tongue. • Gingival : Pertaining to the gums of the teeth. • Cheilosis : A condition of the swelling and fissuring of the lips. • Lithectomy : Removal of stones formed in certain organs, such as kidney stones. • Kinesiology : The study of the human body movement. • Mammogram : An x-ray record of the breast. • Hypogonadism : Decreased functional activity of the gonads. • Tympanoplasty : Surgical repair of the eardrum. • Hyperopia : A vision condition in which distant objects are usually seen more clearly than close ones.