Posology - Study Note

PosologyThe word posalogy is derival From the Greekwoods posos meaning how much and logosmeaning science.posalogy is a branch OF medical sciencewhich cleuls with dose or quantity OF etougs whichcan be administered to a patient to get thetodesired pheramicological actionsThe following are some OF the future whichinfluence the close :-willAge : The phermacokinelics OF many drugschunges with aye So while determining the closepurkOF a stray the aye OF on individual is OFgreat significance children and old people needlesser amount OF drug than the normal adultclose because they are Unable to excrete drugsnot30 to that extent as adults e.g. hypnotics andquobtranquillizerswowedoAlbique2) Sex is women do not mailworys respond to theuaction of drugs in the same munner as it isdone in men special cure should be takeswhen ctrug are administered during manstructionpreynuncy and evelution 3)Body weight : The average close & mentionedeither is team of my per kg body weight oras a total singer close Au an adult weighingbetween 50-100 kg chileteen andpatients It should be calculated awarding tobody weight4> Route of administration : Intruvenous does OFchage are usually Smaller than the oral closesbecause the chays administered intravenouslyenter the blood Streem directly clut to thisreson the onset OF day action is quick withintrivenous rode and this might enhance thechance OF drug toxicity The effectiveness of chrugFormulation is generally controlled by the routeof administration5> Time OF administration : The presence OF Foodin the Stomach delays the abscrption OF changeThe drugs are more repidly absorbed fromthe empty Stomach So the amount OF truywhich is very effective when tuken before a memay not be that much effective when takenduring or after meals 6>Environmental Fectors : Daylight is Stimulantenhancing the effect OF simuluding chrugsand climinishing the effect of hypraticsDurkness is seculite79 Emotional fectors : The personality and beruviour OF a physician may influence the ee effectof ctruy especially the thrugs cohich are intendedFor use in a psychosomatic disorder. The femulesare more emotional than moves and requiresless close of certain chags8> Presence OF disease : sayays likeand chlorpromuzine may produce unsultyprolonyed effect in potents herring liver circhasisDuring rever a patient can talerate high closesof antipyretics than a normal persong) Accumulation : is The chuys which case scoultyexcreted may built up a high concentration is the baly and produce toxic symptomsif it is repeatedly administered For a lay timee.g digitals10> Additive effect s cohen a total pharmacriogicalMAI action of two as more drugs administered together is equivalent to sum OF theirindividual phurmacological action the pheno.menu is culled as an additive effectex: combinution OF ephectrine und aminophylistne in treatment of bronchial asthma11>synergism : when two co more chuys are usein the combinution Form their action isincreased The phenomenu is culled synergionex : procuine and actrenuline combinution12)Antuyonism : when the cution OF one ctrugis opposed by the other truy on the 3cmphysiological system is known as ctrug untegonismis valuable in the treatment of poisoningThe use OF antergonistic responses to chugsB> Idiosyncrasy : An extrucordining response toa crug which is different From its characterstic of: phurmucological action is celled idiosyncosehuemorrhuiyesmull quantity OF aspirin muy cause justin4> Talerance 8 cohen an unusually large close ofa chuy is required to elicit an affect codinumby produced by the normal therupeatic close OF the drug the phenomenon is termed asdruy taterance e.g smokers can talerute nicot15> Tochyphy laxis : It has been observed thatwhen certain druys are culministered repeatedat short intervals the cell recepters get blockedup and phermacological response to that perticularour chuy is decreased The decreased responsecanned be reversed by increasing the dose.This phenomenon is known as tachyphyluxisex: ephectrineso16> Metubalic disturbances : changes in couder electosyste balance and wid base balance. body temperuture and other physiological Factor may modifythe effect of drug