Biology 1 Final Exam

KEY Name:............................................................ Registration Number.:.................................. Biology Final Exam Multiple Choice Questions: Choose the most appropriate answer and shade the letter corresponding to the correct answer on the computerized answer sheet. Be sure to code in your Registration Number correctly. (0.5 pt each) Refer to the following figure to answer questions 1-3: 1. Both "X" and "Y" are called………………. …bonds. A. hydrogen B. ionic C. covalent D. peptide E. ester 2. Bond "X" is involved in ……….……..of water molecules. A. polarity B. adhesion C. cohesion D. electronegativity E. hydrophobic clinging 3. Bond "Y" is involved in ……….……..of water molecules to the water-conducting plant cell wall. A. polarity B. adhesion C. cohesion D. electronegativity E. hydrophobic clinging __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. The functional group(s) of glucose is (are) A. ketone B. aldehyde C. hydroxyl D. both A and B E. both B and C 5. Cellulose is A. storage polysaccharide D. soluble in water B. structural polysaccharide E. hydrolyzed by human enzymes 6. Lipids share one important trait that they are A. polymers B. hydrophilic C. hydrophobic E. formed by condensation (dehydration) reaction C. helical polymer D. triglycerol 7. All of the following are true about fat EXCEPT A. energy storage B. it contains saturated fatty acids only C. cushions of vital organs D. it is formed by dehydration reaction E. it insulates the body of marine animals from cold water 8. Which of the following is NOT found in RNA? A. Uracil B. Guanine C. Deoxyribose D. Ribose E. Phosphodiester bonds 9. Which of the following is a purine? _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 Refer to the following figure to answer questions 10-11: 10. The quaternary structure is represented by letter A. B. C. D. E. 11. The β-pleated sheet is represented by letter A. B. C. D. E. _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Refer to the following figure to answer questions 12-14: 12. Organelle "X" is called A. central vacuole B. food vacuole D. lysosome E. transport vesicle 13. Organelle "Y" is called A. central vacuole B. food vacuole C. contractile vacuole C. contractile vacuole D. lysosome E. transport vesicle 14. Organelle "Y" is formed by A. phagocytosis B. pinocytosis C. receptor mediated endocytosis D. exocytosis E. none of the above ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 15. Which cellular organelle functions in detoxification of drugs and poisons? A. Rough endoplasmic reticulum B. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum C. Golgi apparatus D. Chloroplast E. Mitochondrion 16. Which of the following does NOT leave the nucleus to the cytosol through the nuclear pores? A. pre-mRNA B. mRNA C. tRNA D. ribosomal subunits E. All of the above 17. Which is FALSE about the plant cell wall? It A. protects the cell B. maintains cell shape C. is composed of phospholipid bilayer D. prevents excessive uptake of water E. contains cellulose ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 18. Which is common for both "X" and "Y" organelles? Both A. are bounded by a double membrane B. contain DNA C. contain ribosomes D. are energy transformers E. All of the above ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Refer to the following figure to answer questions 19-20: 19. Structure "X" is A. cellulose fiber D. intermediate filament B. collagen fiber C. microtubule E. any of the above 20. Structure "X" is formed of ....................subunits. A. myosin B. tubulin C. keratin D. collagen 2 E. all of the above Refer to the following figure to answer questions 21-22: 21. Molecule "X" is transported across the membrane A. down the concentration gradient B. by facilitated diffusion C. against the concentration gradient D. by active transport E. both A and B 22. Which is FALSE about the carrier protein for molecule "X"? A. is synthesized by a bound ribosome B. has hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions C. is a peripheral protein C. is integral protein E. has a specific binding site for molecule "X" ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 23. In this figure, which cell was placed in a hypertonic solution? A. B. C. D. E. both C and D ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 24. The Na+/ K+ pump requires A. a gradient of H+ across the cell membrane B. a peripheral protein C. transport protein D. ATP E. Both C and D 25. A chemical reaction that has a positive ∆G is described as A. endergonic B. spontaneous C. enthalpic D. exergonic E. exothermic 26. A substance that is NOT a coenzyme is A. NADPH B. NAD+ D. FAD E. FADH2 27. The active site of an enzyme A. is the same in all enzymes C. can be used by an allosteric inhibitor E. Both B and C C. ATP B. is the part of the enzyme where the substrate binds. D. is not affected by environmental factors like pH and temperature. 28. How can one increase the rate of a chemical reaction? A. Add a catalyst (enzyme) B. Decrease the concentration of reactants C. Cool the reactants D. Increase the activation energy needed E. Add a competitive inhibitor 29. Which statement is FALSE about enzyme inhibition? A. In competitive inhibition, the inhibitor binds to the active site of the enzyme. B. In noncompetitive inhibition, the inhibitor binds to the allosteric site of the substrate. C. In irreversible inhibition, a poison binds to the enzyme so that it can never work again. D. Most inhibitors act in a reversible fashion. E. both A and C 30. Dehydrogenase transfers ............................to NAD+, forming NADH. A. 1 electron and 1 H+ B. 2 electrons and 1 H+ C. 1 electron and 2 H+ E. any of the above D. 2 electrons and 2 H+ 31. Which of the following molecule(s) is/are used in the energy investment phase of glycolysis? A. NAD+ B. ATP C. ADP D. Glucose E. both B and D 32. Which of the following is NOT a product of citric acid (Krebs) cycle? A. CO2 B. FADH2 C. NADPH D.NADH E. ATP 3 33. Which of the following molecule(s) is/are oxidized during oxidative phosphorylation of cellular respiration? A. NAD+ B. NADH C. FAD D. FADH2 E. both B and D 34. Glycerol produced from digested fats can enter glycolysis as A. glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate B. phosphoglycerate D. pyruvate E. none of the above C. phosphoenolpyruvate 35. In lactic acid fermentation, reduction of one pyruvate molecule yields A. 1 NADH + 1 CO2 B. 2 ATP + 1 CO2 C. 1 NADPH + 1 CO2 D. 1 NAD+ E. 1 NAD+ + 1 CO2 36. The number of ATP and NADPH molecules used to fix three carbon atoms in Calvin cycle is A. 1 ATP +1 NADPH B. 9 ATP +6 NADPH C. 9 ATP + 3 NADPH D. 3 ATP +2 NADPH E. 18 ATP +12NADPH 37. Which of the following is produced in Calvin cycle A. pyruvate B. glyceraldehyde-3-p (G-3-p) C. ribose D. deoxyribose E. glucose __________________________________________________________________________________________________ Refer to the following figure to answer questions 38-40: 38. Which is FALSE about molecule "Y"? A. It is NADP+ B. It is a dinucleotide C. It is reduced by NADP+ reductase D. It is substrate for RuBP carboxylase (rubisco) E. It is the final electron acceptor in the light reaction 39. The source of oxygen in this figure is B. H2O2 C. CO2 A. H2O D. C6H12O6 E. NADPH 40. The letter which represents photosystem I (PSI) is A. a B. b C. c D. d E. both a and b _______________________________________________________________________________________________ Refer to the following figure to answer questions 41-43: 41. The type of DNA replication shown in this figure is A. conservative B. nonconservative C. semiconservative D. dispersive E. any of the above 42. The enzyme catalyzing this reaction is called A. DNA polymerase B. reverse transcriptase C. RNA polymerase D. helicase E. topoisomerase 43. The structure of deoxy adenosine triphosphate (dATP) used by this enzyme is different from that of ATP produced from glycolysis in the A. base component B. sugar component C. phosphate group D. both B and C E. all of the above ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 44. Who demonstrated that DNA is the genetic material of the T2 phage? A. Franklin B. Watson and Crick C. Meselson and Stahl D. Hershey and Chase E. Chargaff 45. All of the following are functions of DNA polymerases EXCEPT A. DNA synthesis B. primer synthesis C. DNA proofreading E. replacement of RNA primers by DNA 4 D. DNA repair 46. Which of the following enzymes is NOT involved in nucleotide excision repair? A. Nuclease B. Ligase C. Primase D. DNA polymerase E. Both A and B _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Match the terms in Column I with those in Column II to answer questions 47-49: Column I Column II .......47. DNA unwinding A. Origin of replication .......48. A start point of DNA replication B. Telomere .......49. Sequences at the ends of an eukaryotic chromosome C. Telomerase D. Primase E. Helicase ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Refer to the following figure which represents the DNA replication fork to answer questions 50-52: 50. Synthesis of the DNA strand represented by letter "X" requires A. primer B. primase C. DNA polymerase D. single–strand DNA binding proteins E. all of the above 51. The sequence represented by letter "Y" is A. RNA B. DNA C. snRNA E. Okazaki fragment D. telomere 52. Which of the following is FALSE about the sequences represented by letter "Z"? They are A. DNA sequences B. synthesized by primase C. synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction D. joined by ligase (R) E. called Okazaki fragments __________________________________________________________________________________________________ Refer to the following figure to answer questions 53-55: 53. Histone "X" is A. H1 B. H2A 54. Structure "Y" A. is called nucleosome C. is maintained by Histone "X" C. H2B D. H3 E. H4 B. consists of DNA wrapped around histones D. diameter is 10 nm E. all of the above 55. Which structure contains the most highly packed DNA? A. a B. b C. c D. d E. both b and c ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Match items in column I with the most correct ones in column II: Column I Column II ………56. Beadle and Tatum A. Discharges empty tRNA ………57. Codons B. Amino acid attachment site ………58. 3' end of tRNA C. One gene-one enzyme hypothesis ………59. E site D. Abnormal protein ………60. Frameshift mutation E. Triplets of bases 5 Refer to the following figure to answer questions 61-63: 61. Sequence "X" is called A. promoter B. operator D. TATA box E. none of the above C. operon 62. Proteins "Y" A. are transcription factors B. bind the TATA box C. are required to initiate transcription of eukaryotic genes D. all of the above E. none of the above 63. Which is FALSE about molecule "Z"? A. It is called RNA polymerase. B. It transcribes the DNA template to RNA transcript. C. It requires a primer for transcription. D. It synthesizes the RNA transcript from the 5' end to the 3' end. E. It uses the RNA nucleotides (nucleosides triphosphate) as substrate. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ Refer to the following figure which shows the pre-mRNA splicing to answer questions 64-65: 64. What is FALSE about this process? It A. occurs in the nucleus B. occurs in the cytosol C. is carried out by particle "X" D. involves removing of intron E. involves joining of exons 1 and 2 D. 65. Molecule "Y" A. is snRNA B. functions as ribozyme C. is part of the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle (snRNPs). D. both A and C E. all of the above _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Refer to the following figure which shows the elongation stage of translation to answer questions 66-70: 66. Molecule "X" A. is called aminoacyl-tRNA B. is synthesized by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase C. anticodon is complementary to the mRNA codon in the "A" site of the ribosome D. only A and B E. all of the above 67. The amino acid sequence of the growing polypeptide "Y" is determined by the sequence of codons on: A. mRNA B. pre-mRNA C. rRNA D. tRNA E. any of the above 68. The first amino acid at the N-terminus of the growing polypeptide "Y" is A. alanine B. methionine C. glycine D. cysteine E. valine 69. Stage "Z" represents A. codon recognition D. translation termination B. peptide bond formation E. any of the above C. translocation 70. Synthesis of the growing polypeptide "Y" is terminated when the A. ribosome reaches the stop codon on the mRNA. B. release factor sits in the A site of the ribosome C. initiator tRNA base pair with the complementary codon on the mRNA D. empty tRNA leaves the ribosome through E site E. both A and B 6 71. The product of gene transcription is A. mRNA B. tRNA C. rRNA D. snRNA E. any of the above 72. The 5' end of the pre-mRNA is modified by the addition of A. a cap B. 5' UTR C. 3' poly-A tail D. 3' UTR E. a phosphate group 73. What is FALSE about a secretory protein? It A. synthesis begins on free ribosomes B. is targeted to ER membrane through the signal peptide C. is processed in the rough ER lumen D. functions in cytosol E. is secreted by exocytosis 74. A nonsense mutation results in formation of ………….in mRNA and termination of translation. A- AUG B- CCC C- UGA D- CGA E- GAU 75. In sickle-cell disease, the tertiary structure of the β-chain of hemoglobin is abnormal due to………of this subunit. A. insertion of a base pair in the gene B. insertion of a codon in the mRNA C. deletion of a base pair in the gene D. deletion of a codon from the mRNA E. replacement of glutamic acid by valine at position 6 76. Metabolic control could be at the level of A. enzyme activity B. gene transcription C. cell division D. both A and B E. all of the above 77. Which of the following is NOT part of an operon? A. structural gene B. operator C. origin of replication D. promoter E. none of the above ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ Refer to the following figure to answer questions 78-81: 78. trpE gene in this operon is a/an A. regulatory gene B. structural gene C. inducer D. repressor E. corepressor 79. What is FALSE about the genes of this operon? A. They are split genes B. Controlled by one promoter C. Transcribed by RNA polymerase D. Transcribed into one mRNA E. Code for functionally related enzymes 80. This operon is switched off because A. tryptophan is present C. molecule "X" binds the operator E. all of the above B. molecule "X" is activated by molecule "Y" D. there is no access for RNA polymerase to genes (A-E) 81. Which of the following is NOT part of this operon? A. trpR gene B. trpE gene C. trpD gene D. promoter E. operator __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7 Refer to the following figure to answer questions 82-85: 82. Molecule "X" is a/an A. operon B. repressor 83. Molecule "Y" is A. repressor B. corepressor C. corepressor C. allolactose D. activator E. inducer D. tryptophan 84. Which is FALSE about molecule "Z"? It A. is a regulatory protein B. is activated by cAMP D. stimulates binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter E. ATP C. binds the operator to switch the operon off E. is involved in positive regulation of this operon 85. The genes of this operon are expressed at high rate in the presence of A. lactose B. low level of glucose C. high level of cAMP D. all of the above E. none of the above _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 86. Which is NOT a component of any virus? A. cell wall B. double-stranded (ds) DNA C. single-stranded (ss) DNA D. double-stranded (ds) RNA E. protein 87. The host range of a virus is determined by the A. viral and host surface proteins C. nutrient components of the host medium. E. enzymes in the host cell. 88. The genetic material of HIV is A. single-stranded DNA D. double-stranded RNA B. type of the nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) of the virus. D. enzymes carried by the virus. C. double-stranded DNA B. single-stranded RNA E. none of the above 89. What is the source of a viral envelope? A. host cell DNA B. prophages D. host cell membrane E. viral glycoprotein C. provirus 90. Naked, circular RNA infectious agent is termed a A. viroid B. bacteriophage C. retrovirus D. provirus 91. Prions are A. misfolded versions of normal brain protein D. tiny molecules of RNA that infect plants B. defective phages E. any of the above 92. Which of the following is a vertical transmission route of plant viruses? A. Insects B. Pruning shears C. Infected seeds 8 E. none of the above D. Wind C. bacteriophages E. Farmer's tools Refer to the following figure to answer questions 93-94: 93. Which of these viruses is enveloped? A. B. C. D. E. both C and D 94. Which of these viruses has/have an icosahedral capsid? A. B. C. D. E. both B and C ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Refer to the following figure to answer questions 95-97: 95. Cycle “Y” is the _____ cycle and cycle ”X” is the _____ cycle. A. lytic ...... lysogenic B. lytic ...... phage D. lysogenic...... phage E. phage...... lysogenic 96. Letter “Z” represents the A. host cell DNA B. a capsid C. a prophage C. lysogenic...... lytic D. viral fiber E. defective phage 97. As a result of cycle "X", A. the host cell is not destroyed B. the host cell's DNA is degraded C. the viral ribosomes are produced D. a prophage is synthesized E. viral DNA is inserted in the host cell DNA __________________________________________________________________________________________________ Refer to the following figure to answer questions 98-100: 98. Stage “X” in the reproductive cycle of this virus is performed by A. RNA polymerase B. primase C. reverse transcriptase D. nuclease E. DNA ligase 99. Stage “Y” in the reproductive cycle of this virus is A. replication B. transcription C. translation D. lysis E. infection 100. Letter “Z” represents the....................the virus. A. capsid B. envelope C. glycoprotein D. genome E. reverse transcriptase 9