University:
Kentucky State University
Course:
BIO 301 | Human Anatomy
Academic year:

2024
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487

Pages:

33
Author:

teespagmaxrtf

Venous supply of the human body Systemic Circulation Venous sinuses come together as sigmoid sinus which becomes Internal Jugular vein Exits skull through jugular foramen Internal jugular veins Drain most of blood from brain At base of neck joins subclavian v. to form brachiocephalic v. External jugular veins drain some of scalp & face. It ends in the subclavian vein a e v a h t k s o u o J l k ic qu Veins of the Upper Limb The venous system of the upper limb • It can anatomically be divided into the superficial veins and the deep veins. ▪ Superficial Veins of the Upper Limb ▪ Dorsal venous arch ▪ Cephalic vein ▪ Basilic vein ▪ Median vein of the forearm ▪ They are located within the subcutaneous tissue of the upper limb Brachial vein begins at the elbow via a union of the radial & ulnar veins travels up the arm to form the axillary vein Axillary Vein Formed by the union of the Brachial veins (vena comitantes of brachial artery) with basilic vein It becomes Subclavian Vein at the outer border of 1st rib Subclavian vein large vein which is a continuation of the axillary vein Veins of the Upper Limb are divided into two groups : Superficial group and deep group Superficial group: ~ Hand from which the drainage begins , we can find the dorsal venous arch that will give lateral branch (vein) called cephalic vein & Medial branch (vein) called basilic vein ~ Elbow: anterior to the elbow we can find the cubital fossa at which the median cubital vein is found Deep group : Laterally , the radial vein is found . Medially , the ulnar vein is found . The union of these two vein will give the brachial vein . The union of the brachial vein with the basilic vein forms the axillary vein which will continue as Subclavian vein at the outer border of 1st rib. # the anatomical position of thumb is always directed laterally # any thing found in the arm region called brachial or brachium Veins of the lower limb common iliac vein drains (1) Internal iliac vein (2) External iliac vein The left and right common iliac veins come together in the abdomen at the level of the fifth lumbar vertebra, forming the inferior vena cava. They drain blood from the pelvis and lower limbs. Large Veins of the Thorax Brachiocephalic Veins The right brachiocephalic vein is formed at the root of the neck by the union of the right subclavian and the right internal jugular veins. There are two Brachiocephalic Veins : left and right, with a minor differences between them 8 • Begins posterior to the medial end of the right clavicle • It is shorter than the left one and more vertical right internal jugular vein right subclavian vein Venous tributaries of the right brachiocephalic vein Include : 1- The right vertebral vein 2- First posterior intercostal 3- Internal thoracic veins 4- The inferior thyroid and thymic veins may also drain into it Venous tributaries of the right brachiocephalic vein : The first one medially is the right vertebral vein then the inferior thyroid vein At the junction , posteriorly there is the first posterior intercostal And laterally there is the Internal thoracic veins Venous tributaries of the right brachiocephalic vein The left brachiocephalic vein • The left brachiocephalic vein has a similar origin • Is formed by the union of the LEFT subclavian and the LEFT internal jugular veins • the left “venous angle” receives lymph from the thoracic duct • Begins posterior to the medial end of the left clavicle • It passes obliquely downward and to the right behind the manubrium sterni and in front of the large branches of the aortic arch. • It joins the right brachiocephalic vein to form the superior vena cava. Right venous angle is the junction between the right subclavian and the right internal jugular veins which receives lymph from right lymphatic duct Left venous angle is the junction between the left subclavian and the left internal jugular veins which receives lymph from thoracic duct Venous tributaries of the left brachiocephalic vein Include: Left vertebral vein First posterior intercostal vein Left superior intercostal vein Inferior thyroid vein Internal thoracic veins It may also receive thymic and pericardial veins Venous tributaries of the left brachiocephalic vein: The rst one medially is the left vertebral vein and below it the left inferior thyroid vein At the junction, posteriorly there is the rst posterior intercostal vein And laterally there is the Internal thoracic vein Also There is an extra one laterally called Left superior intercostal vein (which directly goes to the left brachiocephalic vein) #The right superior intercostal vein goes to the Azygos system The left superior intercostal vein It drains: The second, third and sometimes the fourth posterior intercostal veins Usually, it drains the left bronchial veins Sometimes the left pericardiacophrenic vein The superior vena cava The superior vena cava contains all the venous blood from the head and neck and both upper limbs (from the upper half of the body, above the diaphragm, except the lungs and heart) It is valveless It is a large-diameter (2.4 cm), but short (7 cm) is formed by the union of the two brachiocephalic veins, posterior to the lower edge of the right first (1) costal cartilage 17 pierces the pericardium at the level of the second (2) costal cartilage Terminates at the lower edge of the right third (3) costal cartilage, where it joins the right atrium The vena azygos joins the posterior aspect of the superior vena cava just before it enters the pericardium 1 : The formation of the SVC within the superior mediastinum 2 : penetration of the pericardium where in enters the inferior mediastinum (middle mediastinum) 3: termination of SVC in the right atrium SVC, Remember 1, 2 and 3 Azygos Veins The azygos veins consist of: the main azygos vein the inferior hemiazygos vein and the superior hemiazygos vein. They drain blood from : •the posterior parts of the intercostal spaces •the posterior abdominal wall •the pericardium •the diaphragm •the bronchi •and the esophagus The superior hemiazygos vein, also called the accessory hemiazygous vein 21 Azygos Vein Typically starts from the posterior aspect of the inferior vena cava, at or below the level of the renal veins, however, the origin of the azygos vein is variable It is often formed by the union of the right ascending lumbar vein and the right subcostal vein. It ascends through the aortic opening in the diaphragm on the right side of the aorta to the level of the fifth thoracic vertebra(T5).Here it arches forward above the root of the right lung to empty into the posterior surface of the superior vena cava. The azygos vein has numerous tributaries, including: the eight lower right intercostal veins, the right superior intercostal vein, the superior and inferior hemiazygos veins, and numerous mediastinal veins. Inferior Hemiazygos Vein The inferior hemiazygos vein is often formed by the union of the left ascending lumbar vein and the left subcostal vein. It ascends through the left crus of the diaphragm and, at about the level of the eighth thoracic vertebra, turns to the right and joins the azygos vein. It receives as tributaries some lower left intercostal veins and mediastinal veins. Superior (accessory) Hemiazygos Vein The superior hemiazygos vein is formed by the union of the fourth to the eighth intercostal veins. It joins the azygos vein at the level of the seventh thoracic vertebra 24 Inferior Vena Cava The inferior vena cava pierces the central tendon of the diaphragm opposite the eighth thoracic vertebra and almost immediately enters the lowest part of the right atrium. inferior vena cava drains: a. hepatic veins b. phrenic veins c. Right suprarenal vein d. paired renal veins e. right gonadal veins f. paired common iliac veins –Note: Left gonadal and left suprarenal veins drain into the left renal vein Pulmonary Veins Two pulmonary veins leave each lung carrying oxygenated blood to the left atrium of the heart 25

Venous Supply of the Human Body

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