University:
Kentucky State University
Course:
BIO 301 | Human Anatomy
Academic year:

2021
Views:

72

Pages:

38
Author:

ilikemyicons0y5

Leg Skin of the Leg Cutaneous Nerves Medially: The saphenous nerve, a branch of the femoral nerve supplies the skin on the medial surface of the leg Posteriorly: The posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh supplies the skin over the popliteal fossa and the upper part of the back of the leg Laterally: Upper part The lateral cutaneous nerve of the calf, a branch of the common fibular nerve supplies the skin on the upper part of the lateral surface of the leg Laterally: Lower part Anterolaterally The superficial fibular nerve, a terminal branch of the common fibular nerve supplies the skin on the lower part of the anterolateral surface of the leg Posterolaterally The sural nerve, a branch of the tibial nerve supplies the skin on the lower part of the posterolateral surface of the leg Fascial Compartments of the Leg The deep fascia of the leg forms Two intermuscular septa (anterior and posterior) which are attached to the fibula These, together with the interosseous membrane divide the leg into: Three compartments: Anterior Lateral Posterior Each having its own muscles, blood supply, and nerve supply. Sciatic nerve Tibial nerve Common fibular nerve Posterior compartment of leg Superficial fibular nerve Lateral compartment of leg Deep fibular nerve Anterior compartment of leg Retinacula of the Ankle  The retinacula are thickenings of the deep fascia that keep the long tendons around the ankle joint in position and act as pulleys. Superior Extensor Retinaculum Inferior Extensor Retinaculum Superior Fibular Retinaculum Inferior Fibular Retinaculum Flexor Retinaculum Anterior view Inferior Extensor Retinaculum Superior Extensor Retinaculum Superior Extensor Retinaculum between tibia and fibula above the malleoli Inferior Extensor Retinaculum Y-shaped band located in front of the ankle joint. Originates from calcaneus separates into two bands: Upper: passes to the medial malleolus Lower: to the navicular and medial cuneiform bones Anterior view Flexor Retinaculum Extends from medial malleolus to calcaneus Posterior view Superior Fibular Retinaculum Inferior Fibular Retinaculum Posterior view Popliteus Popliteal artery Anterior tibial artery Posterior tibial artery Posterior view Anterior tibial artery passes forward through an opening in the upper part of the interosseous membrane and enters the anterior compartment of the leg. Ant view It continues onto the dorsal aspect of the foot Posterior view Popliteal artery Posterior tibial artery Anterior tibial artery Posterior tibial artery Supplies posterior and lateral compartments of the leg and continues into the sole of the foot Posterior view Fibular artery Is a branch from posterior tibial artery and runs parallel to it, it supplies the posterior and lateral compartments of the leg Tibial nerve Common fibular nerve Popliteal vein Popliteal artery Posterior view Deep fibular nerve Supplies the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg Superficial fibular nerve Supplies the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg Anterior view Tibial nerve Supplies the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg Posterior view Provides origin to The muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg Lateral surface Provides origin to the anterior compartment of the leg (Extensor surface) Provides origin to some of the posterior compartment of the leg (Flexor surface) Cross section in the shaft of fibula Anterior Fascial Compartment of the Leg Muscles: Tibialis anterior Extensor digitorum longus Extensor hallucis longus Fibularis (Peroneus) tertius Blood supply: Anterior tibial artery Nerve supply: Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve Action: All dorsiflex of the foot. Hallucis: Extends big toe Digitorum : Extends four toes Tibialis: Inverts of the foot Fibularis: Everts of the foot All the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg originate from fibula EXCEPT Tibialis anterior from Tibia. The main actions of these muscles are: Extension of the foot at the ankle joint (dorsiflextion) to raise the toes up (in other words to stand up on the heels) In addition any muscle that got (tibialis) in its name Inverts the foot at subtalar and transverse tarsal joints while any muscle got (fibularis/ peroneus) in its name Everts foot at subtalar and transverse tarsal joints Nerve supply of all the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg: Deep fibular nerve Insertion? Tibialis anterior Origin: lateral surface of shaft of tibia and interosseus membrane Insertion: medial cuneiform and base of first metatarsal bone Nerve supply: Deep fibular nerve Action: dorsiflexion of foot at ankle joint, inversion of foot at subtalar and transverse tarsal joints, holds up medial longitudinal arch of foot Extensor hallucis longus Origin: anterior surface of shaft of fibula Insertion: base of distal phalanx of big toe Nerve supply: Deep fibular nerve Action: extends big toe, dorsiflexion of foot at ankle joint Fibularis tertius is considered part of extensor digitorum longus and inserts into the base of 5th metatarsal Action: dorsiflexion and eversion Extensor digitorum longus Origin: anterior surface of shaft of fibula and extends superiorly onto the lateral condyle of tibia Insertion: via extensor expansion into bases of middle and distal phalanges of lateral four toes Nerve supply: Deep fibular nerve Action: extends toes, dorsiflexion of foot at ankle joint In front of the medial malleolus FROM MEDIAL TO LATERAL Tom Has Very Nice Dogs and Frogs Tibialis anterior Extensor Hallucis longus Anterior tibial artery Extensor Digitorum Deep fibular nerve Lateral Note: The two extensor retinacula hold the tendons of the extensor muscles in place and prevent bowing during extension of the foot and toes Anterior tibial artery Medial Lateral Fascial Compartment of the Leg Muscles: Fibularis longus Fibularis brevis Fibularis longus Fibularis brevis Nerve supply: Superficial fibular nerve Blood supply: Branches from the fibular artery (branch from posterior tibial artery) Fibularis longus: Origin: Lateral surface of shaft of fibula Insertion: Base of first metatarsal and the medial cuneiform bone Nerve supply: Superficial fibular nerve Action: Plantar flexes the foot at the ankle joint, everts the foot at the subtalar and transverse tarsal joints, supports lateral longitudinal and transverse arches of foot Fibularis brevis: Origin: Lateral surface of shaft of fibula Insertion: Base of fifth metatarsal bone Nerve supply: Superficial fibular nerve Action: Plantar flexes the foot at the ankle joint, everts the foot at the subtalar and transverse tarsal joints, supports lateral longitudinal arch of foot Superior and inferior fibular retinacula bind the tendons of fibularis longus and brevis as they pass from the lateral compartment of the leg into the lateral side of the foot Posterior Fascial Compartment of the Leg In the posterior compartment, a transverse septum further divide the posterior compartment into layers of superficial and deep muscles Superficial group of muscles Gastrocnemius Plantaris Soleus Deep group of muscles Popliteus Flexor digitorum longus Flexor hallucis longus Tibialis posterior Blood supply: Posterior tibial artery Nerve supply: Tibial nerve Superficial group of muscles (Posterior compartment of leg) Gastrocnemius Origin: Lateral head from lateral condyle of femur Medial head from above medial condyle Insertion: Via calcaneal tendon into posterior surface of calcaneus Nerve supply: Tibial nerve Action: Plantar flexes foot at ankle joint, Flexes knee joint Superficial group of muscles (Posterior compartment of leg) Plantaris This muscle sometimes is absent Origin: Lateral supracondylar ridge of femur Insertion: Posterior surface of calcaneus Nerve supply: Tibial nerve Action: Plantar flexes foot at ankle joint, Flexes knee joint Superficial group of muscles (Posterior compartment of leg) Soleus Origin: Shafts of tibia (soleal line) and fibula Insertion: Via calcaneal tendon into posterior surface of calcaneus Nerve supply: Tibial nerve Action: Together with gastrocnemius is powerful plantar flexor of ankle joint; provides main propulsive force in walking and running As a unit, these muscles are large and powerful because they propel the body forward off the planted foot during walking and can elevate the body upward onto the toes when standing Deep group of muscles (Posterior compartment of leg) Popliteus Origin: lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur (popliteal groove) Insertion: posterior surface of of tibia above soleal line Nerve supply: Tibial nerve Action: flexes leg at knee joint, unlocks the extended knee at the initiation of flexion by lateral rotation of femur on tibia, medial rotation of tibia, and slackens ligaments of knee joint Unlocking means Lateral rotation of the femur Or Medial rotation of the tibia Locking means………….. rotation of the femur Or …………rotation of the tibia Deep group of muscles (Posterior compartment of leg) Tibialis posterior Origin: posterior surface of tibia and fibula and interosseous membrane Insertion: tuberosity of navicular bone and other neighboring bones Nerve supply: Tibial nerve Action: plantar flexes foot at ankle joint, inversion of foot at subtalar and transverse tarsal joints, supports medial longitudinal arch of foot Deep group of muscles (Posterior compartment of leg) Flexor digitorum longus Origin: posterior surface of tibia Insertion: bases of distal phalanges of lateral four toes Nerve supply: Tibial nerve Action: flexes distal phalanges of lateral four toes, plantar flexes foot at ankle joint, supports medial and lateral longitudinal arches of foot Deep group of muscles (Posterior compartment of leg) Flexor hallucis longus Origin: posterior surface of fibula Insertion: base of distal phalanx of big toe Nerve supply: Tibial nerve Action: flexes distal phalanx of big toe, plantar flexes foot at ankle joint, supports medial longitudinal arch of foot Behind the medial malleolus From Anterior to Posterior Flexor Hallucis longus Tibial Nerve Posterior tibial Vessels Flexor digitorum longus Tibialis posterior Tom Does Very Nice Homework Tibialis posterior Flexor digitorum longus Posterior tibial vessels Tibial nerve Flexor hallucis longus Tarsal tunnel is formed on the posteromedial side of the ankle and covered by flexor retinaculum Provides channels for the tendons of flexor muscles as they pass from the posterior compartment of the leg into the sole of the foot Surface anatomy

Leg

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