Genetics Unit Test Review Synapsis

Question 1: This picture is showing you a process that takes place during meiosis called ______ that results in _________. Answer: Synapsis. Unique combinations of genes from each parent. Question 2: Which statement most accurately describes our genotype environment and how a phenotype is potentially expressed in an individual organism? - There is an interaction between our genes + environmental conditions which produce the phenotype - Our genes SOLELY determine the expression of the phenotype - The environment has a huge impact on the phenotype - None of these choices are accurate to answer the question Question 3: What idea proposed a mechanism or way to explain Mendel’s laws of segregation + independent assortment observed with his Pea Plants? - Crossing over during Meiosis Chromosomal Theory of inheritance Dominance + recessiveness DNA replication Question 4: Match the statements in each row to the correct column if they are describing Mitosis, Meiosis or apply to BOTH processes. --------------------------------------------------------------------Results in variation and reduces chromosome number → Meiosis Produces gametes → Mitosis Creates new bodily (non - reproductive) cells → Mitosis Creates (1N) Haploid Cell → Meiosis Process that produces new cells → Both Creates diploid ( 2 N) clones → Mitosis Question 5: How is it that cells can end up with aneuploidy amounts of chromosomes? A: Chromosomes don't separate properly e.g., nondisjunction during meiosis Question 6: In pea plants, Purple flowers (P)are dominant to white flowers (p). Which of the following is the best demonstration for the term PHENOTYPE? - PP - The offspring, baby pea plants, with the genotype Pp appears to have purple flowers - Flower Colour P- purple flowers and p- white flowers Pp Question 6: In pea plants, Purple flowers (P)are dominant to white flowers (p).Which of the following is the best demonstration for the term Homozygous GENOTYPE? A: PP Question 7: Where did these chromosomes come from? - They are created from the different foods we eat Half (23) came from this person’s mom and the other half (23) came from their dad A virus creates these in the human beings that gets infected by it Your mom gave you most of them and your dad gave a few Question 8: Chromosomes and genes are actually sequences made up of a macromolecule called: A: DNA, which is made up of many nucleotides chained / linked together. Question 9: How many pairs of homologous chromosomes can be seen in this picture? This picture has been taken during Prophase | of Meiosis right before the chromosomes form tetrads. A: 4 pairs Question 10:The main difference between male + female gamete production is that: A: Male produce 4 sperm + female produce 1 ova Question 11: How would the phenotype of an individual be affected if the location where a mutation or gene edit occurs is in the gamete cells? - It depends on the interactions between the individual genes and their environment Germ line gene editing will affect EVERY single cell in the developed organism Depends on what stage of Meiosis the mutation takes place Germline editing will affect only the ONE mutated/editing cell in the organism and those cells that are reproduced by the mutated/edited cell Question 12: In pea plants, Purple flowers (P)are dominant to white flowers (p).Which of the following is the best demonstration for the term Heterozygous Genotype? A: Pp Question 13: In pea plants, Purple flowers (P)are dominant to white flowers (p).Which of the following is the best demonstration for the term Allele? A: P-purple flower, p-white flower Question 14: The chromosome that has been created in this picture is a ___ type of chromosome that was given to you by ____ A: Sex chromosome, dad Question 15: In the cross here, what type of inheritance patterns based on the symbols/ grammars used to set up this cross? (chicken) A: Co- domiannce Question 16: Which type of inheritance cross problem does this picture demonstrate? This is an incomplete dominance cross problem. Question 17: The trait being shown in this punnett square is: A: Pea color Question 18: What type of inheritance problem is this? A: Sex linked (any diagram that looks like this) Question 19: What pahse is this from? A: Meiosis, telophase | Question 20: A: DNA molecule What is this called? Question 21: If one strand of DNA had the sequence ACGA, then the COMPLEMENTARY strand would have the sequence at: A: TGCT anything with GCT