Genetics Analysis

Two laws Law of G segeration Independent Segeration separated into naploid (1 from mom + 1 dad) : · · Independent Assortment : that alleles of two genes assort ind * It states different & * AnalysisChapters ↓ MENDEL'S phenotype Genotype : WORK X : Parental strains involved in the viewable generation Ist : set of offspring Ind set of AAX a cross Mutations either behavior an observable trait or character or biallelic condition that influences : Plineage F, or more phenotype F , generation = Heterozygous Dominant : Recessive : different a biparental trait that trait alleles * important note cone trait/alleles cross & mating : P p --f , to see if the ratio molecular level . Deduce the function with other genes Deduce how the gene interacts of the gene on a to produce the trait in . fr + the CrOSS . lineage AAX ad Idiploid genotypes haploid gamates & the F , gen mating : Idiploid haploide I AaxAa each other to genotypes) ⑪ ⑳ Ch - - Ch · # diploid haploid outcomes gamates S ( C & Ch - out come : 100 % Aa diploid outcom T * ↑ ⑪ Outcome : = Some & How do you know homozygous a dominant double recessive is phenotype (99) used ratio of the by deducing the A -Xaa the parent is as a is ; test Ador AA ? can inter what A A Aa a aa => a Aa phenotypic ratio : you can Inter to have a dominant . Ag 1 :I heterozygous ratio ratio : 3 : 1 : : 1 2 : (dominant / to recessive (AAtoAt t F2 Generation terminology to Aa from this know Aa : phenotypic Aa ratio : youcanInter have a heterozygosity v frequency 1 . : : 1 : ind ratios % 1 (not 2 : 2 be it = all 3 types of ways 1/2 is the If a tester is is not just one looks like A bc one phenotype (invariant) ex : you also mate self of heterozygotes An heterozygote dominant is a gene alleles is is necessary . is not sufficent to (AaxAa . carrier to enough produce ABo blood type dominane can situation. lacking describe most simlified results) haplo insufficent : any condition where a single allele enough function protein (a needs both genes ad to be seen) depending on the to 50% hetrozygous state only one of two enough gene product (Aa Dominance ad individual is springs. Decentage of 1st :50 frequency of 1st : 5 or haploSufficent produce phenotypically dominant . ratios 4 100% A and A a AA crossed off ex a or percentage => A determinant An = OR a ad phenotypic genotypic test cross-homozygous recessive &to cross. offspring you . a * A = Generation , ⑳ & 4 ratio F S ↑ genotype-dominant phenotype = · On gamate Ch - I ③ haploid · test cross : a type MONO HYBRID CrOSS S using wild 3 . question · F . the trait affecting mutants . : P . . Corss (mate) mutant individuals to 4 mendel did this with flower Wildtype of desaudents 7 . his experiments and peas disproved "blending" .; * . heterozygote Aalooks like phenotypically & Amass . 2 appears : the abnormal form of a trait Using Senetic Discovery 1 Aa phenotypically : ad : : : 112 Aa , 1 , most common form of a trait . Aa AA changes in the DNA sequencing that can advantagous or no change to the hertiable are WIID TYPE US MUTANT Mutant Plineage AAxaa from mating offspring from mating : - detrimental , traits ad generation : alleles homozygous Aoraa pure breeding identical biparental E - 3 : / Phenotype 1 : 2 : / change genotypes