Human Anatomy - The Urinary System Pt 2 (1-39)

15.2 Multiple Choice Part II Questions 1) Which one of the following is NOT one of the functions of the kidneys? A) manufacture urine B) convert vitamin D from its inactive to its active form C) dispose of metabolic waste products D) produce hormones that assist in digestion E) regulate blood volume Answer: D 2) Which organ filters blood, regulates blood volume and chemical makeup? A) kidney B) ureter C) liver D) urinary bladder E) urethra Answer: A 3) Which one of the following terms describes the location of the kidneys? A) suprarenal B) retroperineal C) adrenal D) intraperitoneal E) retroperitoneal Answer: E 4) What region of the kidney is deep to the renal cortex? A) renal fascia B) renal medulla C) renal column D) calyx E) renal hilum Answer: B 5) The triangular regions of the kidneys that are striped in appearance and separated by the renal columns are the ________. A) renal cortex B) renal fascia C) renal (medullary) pyramids D) renal pelvis E) calyces Answer: C 6) As venous blood is drained from the kidney, which path does it follow ________. A) cortical radiate veins, arcuate veins, interlobar veins, renal vein B) renal vein, interlobar veins, segmental veins, arcuate veins C) arcuate veins, cortical radiate veins, interlobar veins, renal vein D) renal vein, segmental veins, interlobar veins, arcuate veins, cortical radiate veins E) cortical radiate veins, arcuate veins, interlobar veins, segmental veins, renal vein Answer: A 7) Items in the blood that are NOT filtered will travel from the glomerulus to the ________. A) glomerular (Bowman's) capsule B) afferent arteriole C) efferent arteriole D) proximal convoluted tubule E) nephron loop (loop of Henle) Answer: C 8) The capillary bed surrounding the renal tubule is the ________. A) afferent arteriole B) segmental arteries C) peritubular capillaries D) cortical radiate arteries E) glomerular capillaries Answer: C 9) Starting from the glomerular capsule, the correct order of the renal tubule regions is ________. A) proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule, nephron loop (loop of Henle) B) distal convoluted tubule, nephron loop (loop of Henle), proximal convoluted tubule C) nephron loop (loop of Henle), proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule D) proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop (loop of Henle), distal convoluted tubule E) distal convoluted tubule, proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop (loop of Henle) Answer: D 10) The portion of the renal tubule closest to the glomerulus is the ________. A) collecting duct B) proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) C) glomerular (Bowman's) capsule D) distal convoluted tubule (DCT) E) nephron loop (loop of Henle) Answer: B 11) Most nephrons are located within the renal ________. A) pelvis B) calyces C) medulla D) pyramids E) cortex Answer: E 12) The percentage of filtrate eventually reabsorbed into the bloodstream is closest to ________. A) 10% B) 25% C) 50% D) 80% E) 99% Answer: E 13) Of the capillary beds associated with each nephron, the one that is both fed and drained by arterioles is the ________. A) peritubular capillaries B) pyramidal capillaries C) glomerulus D) Henle capillaries E) Bowman's capillaries Answer: C 14) Filtrate typically does NOT contain ________. A) water B) blood proteins C) glucose D) ions E) amino acids Answer: B 15) The nonselective, passive process performed by the glomerulus that forms blood plasma without blood proteins is called ________. A) micturition B) tubular secretion C) glomerular filtration D) tubular reabsorption E) glomerular reabsorption Answer: C 16) Nitrogenous waste products, such as urea and uric acid, are ________. A) filtered and usually reabsorbed B) filtered but poorly reabsorbed C) not filtered D) not filtered but often reabsorbed E) only secreted Answer: B 17) Which one of the following is NOT a substance typically reabsorbed by the tubules under normal healthy conditions? A) glucose B) urea C) amino acids D) sodium E) water Answer: B 18) In a 24-hour period, a typical volume of urine production is ________. A) 0.5 L B) 0.9 L C) 1.4 L D) 2.0 L E) 3.4 L Answer: C 19) Which one of the following substances is normally found in urine? A) blood proteins B) red blood cells C) hemoglobin D) white blood cells E) creatinine Answer: E 20) Determine the possible cause of bile pigments in the urine ________. A) diabetes mellitus B) kidney infection C) hypertension D) kidney stones E) liver disease Answer: E 21) Dilute urine would have a specific gravity closest to ________. A) 0.005 B) 1.001 C) 1.010 D) 1.020 E) 1.030 Answer: B 22) Renal calculi can lead to ________. A) hematuria B) diabetes mellitus C) bilirubinuria D) ketonuria E) hepatitis Answer: A 23) Why is the trigone of the urinary bladder clinically important? A) The trigone is longer in males than in females. B) Infections tend to persist in the trigone. C) Females have a trigone but males lack the trigone. D) The prostate gland is present in males in the trigone. E) Both sperm and urine pass through the trigone in males. Answer: B 24) The urinary bladder is able to expand as urine accumulates within it due to the presence of ________. A) simple squamous epithelium B) transitional epithelium C) stratified squamous epithelium D) pseudostratified epithelium E) sphincters Answer: B 25) Urine is transported from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body by the ________. A) ureter B) trigone C) prostate gland D) urethra E) collecting duct Answer: D 26) The average adult urinary bladder is moderately full with ________ of urine within it. A) 100 mL B) 500 mL C) 1 liter D) 2 liters E) 1 gallon Answer: B 27) The voluntarily controlled sphincter fashioned by skeletal muscle at the point where the urethra passes through the pelvic floor is called the ________. A) internal urethral sphincter B) internal anal sphincter C) external urethral sphincter D) trigone E) detrusor sphincter Answer: C 28) The process of emptying the urinary bladder is referred to as voiding or ________. A) nocturia B) filtration C) urethritis D) incontinence E) micturition Answer: E 29) In males, the urethra is part of both the urinary system and ________. A) endocrine system B) digestive system C) immune system D) respiratory system E) reproductive system Answer: E 30) The micturition reflex forces urine into the upper part of the ________. A) urethra B) ureter C) urinary bladder D) kidney E) rectum Answer: A 31) In one 24-hour period, the kidneys of an average-sized healthy adult filter approximately ________ through their glomeruli into the tubules. A) 10-15 liters of blood plasma B) 50-75 liters of blood plasma C) 100-125 liters of blood plasma D) 150-180 liters of blood plasma E) 200-240 liters of blood plasma Answer: D 32) Who has the highest percentage of water in the body? A) adult male B) adult female C) infant D) elderly female E) elderly male Answer: C 33) Which one of the following is NOT one of the major roles of the kidneys in normal healthy adults? A) excretion of nitrogen-containing wastes B) maintenance of water balance of the blood C) maintenance of electrolyte balance of the blood D) conversion of ammonia to bicarbonate ion E) ensuring proper blood pH Answer: D 34) Which of the following is the major stimulus for the thirst mechanism? A) hunger B) decreased urination C) increased osmolarity of blood plasma D) defecation E) increased saliva production Answer: C 35) Extracellular fluid is found everywhere in the body EXCEPT ________. A) within living cells B) blood plasma C) interstitial fluid D) cerebrospinal fluid E) humors of the eye and lymph Answer: A 36) The main hormone that acts on the kidneys to regulate sodium ion concentration of the extracellullar fluid (ECF) is ________. A) ADH B) renin C) secretin D) aldosterone E) epinephrine Answer: D 37) Antidiuretic hormone prevents excessive water loss by promoting water reabsorption in the ________. A) glomerulus B) proximal convoluted tubule C) distal convoluted tubule D) collecting duct E) urinary bladder Answer: D 38) Aldosterone does NOT directly or indirectly regulate ________. A) sodium B) chlorine C) magnesium D) potassium E) glucose Answer: E 39) What stimulates the release of renin from the juxtaglomerular (JG) apparatus? A) high blood pressure B) high blood sodium levels C) low blood pressure D) low blood potassium levels E) high blood volume Answer: C