Basics of Biblical Greek Chapters 10-14 Review 3 Track 1

Chapters 10 - 14 Review #3 Ð Track 1 Grammar 1. 2. Explain how the stem was modified in the following inflected forms. Start by writing out the wordÕs stem, add the case ending, show the final form, and explain the changes. a. savrx is formed by sark (stem) + V (3rd declension Nominative Singular Feminine case ending) ↠ sarkV ↠ sarx (because from the table of stops, kappa + sigma ↠ xi). b. o[noma is formed by ojnomat (stem) + Ð (3rd declension Nominative or Accusative Singular Neuter case ending is blank) ↠ ojnomat ↠ ojnoma (because of noun rule 8: ÒA tau cannot stand at the end of a word and will drop off.Ó) c. cavrisin is formed by carit (stem) + sin (3rd declension Dative Plural Feminine case ending is si(n)) ↠ caritsin ↠ carisin (because from the table of stops, tau + sigma ↠ sigma) d. pivstewV is formed by pist” (stem ends in consonantal iota) + oV (3rd declension Genitive Singular Feminine case ending) ↠ pist”oV ↠ pivstewV (because consonantal iota + omicron ↠ ew in this instance) e. pa:V is formed by pant (stem) + V (3rd declension Nominative Singular Masculine case ending) ↠ pantV ↠ paV (because nu + tau drops out before sigma. See summary point 8 in chapter 10.) Write out the seventh and eighth noun rules. ¥ ¥ 3. Noun rule 7 is the Square of Stops with the rightmost column (below) added, plus the fact that nu drops out when followed by sigma. Unvoiced Voiced Aspirate +s Labial p b f y Velar k g c x Dental t d q s Noun rule 8: ÒA tau cannot stand at the end of a word and will drop off.Ó Describe what happens when you add a sigma to the following stops. a. t+s↠s b. b+s↠y c. d+s↠s d. p+s↠y e. g+s↠x f. k+s↠x !31 32 ! 4. Review #3 List the case endings 1st & 2nd Declensions 5. 6. 7. 3rd Declension masc fem neut masc/fem neut Nom Sing V Ð n V Ð Gen Sing u V u oV oV Dat Sing i i i i i Acc Sing n n n a / n Ð Nom Plur i i a eV a Gen Plur wn wn wn wn wn Dat Plur iV iV iV si(n) si (n) Acc Plur uV V a aV a What determines the case, number, and gender of a personal pronoun? a. Case is determined by the function of the personal pronoun in its clause. b. Number and gender are determined by the number and gender of the antecedent of the personal pronoun." The first and second person personal pronouns (with lexical forms ejgwv and suv), however, do not have gender. Write out the paradigm of the English personal pronouns. First Person Second Person Subjective Singular I you Possessive Singular my your Objective Singular me you First Person Second Person Subjective Plural we you Possessive Plural our your Objective Plural us you What are the three uses of aujtovV? a. Personal pronoun ¥ b. c. Usually translated as a third-person pronoun: he, she, it, his, her, its, to him, to her, to it, him, her, it, they, their, to them, or them. Adjectival intensive ¥ Translated as Òhimself,Ó Òherself,Ó Òitself,Ó or Òthemselves.Ó ¥ Usually in the predicate position. ¥ Usually in the nominative case. Identical adjective ¥ Translated as Òsame,Ó as in Òthe same woman.Ó ¥ Usually in the attributive position. Review #3 ! 33 How do you distinguish the form of the feminine personal pronoun from the feminine demonstrative? 8. ¥ By the start of the word: The feminine demonstrative 1 always has either a rough breathing mark (au{th and au| tai) or else begins with tau (tauvthV, tauvth/, tauvthn, touvtwn, tauvtaiV, and tauvtaV). The feminine personal pronoun always begins with auj, so it never has a rough breathing and never begins with tau. In what adjectival position will you find the demonstratives when they are modifying nouns? 9. ¥ 10. What are the four basic rules of the vocative? a. 11. 12. When a demonstrative modifies a noun, it is in the predicate position (e.g., Òthis the manÓ or Òthe man thisÓ). In the plural, the vocative is always identical to the nominative plural. b. In the singular first declension, the vocative is the same as the nominative. c. In the singular second declension, the vocative ending is usually epsilon. Note that unlike other case endings (except for the Nominative or Accusative Plural Neuter case ending a), the epsilon is not simply appended to the end of the stem. Instead, the epsilon replaces the stem vowel omicron, so we have a[nqrwpe, not ajnqrwvpoe.2 d. In the singular third declension, the vocative is usually the bare stem of the word, sometimes with the stem vowel being changed due to ablaut. What determines the case, number, and gender of a relative pronoun? a. The case of a relative pronoun is set by its function in its relative clause.3 b. The number and gender of a relative pronoun match the number and gender of its antecedent. How do you distinguish the form of the relative pronoun from the article? ¥ The relative pronoun always has both a rough breathing and an accent (e.g., o{V). The article always has one or the other (e.g., oJ or tov), but never both. So if there is both a rough breathing and an accent, it is the relative pronoun. Otherwise, it is the article. Parsing 1. povlesin povliV Dative Plural Feminine Òto citiesÓ 2. ojnovmati o[noma Dative Singular Neuter Òto a nameÓ 3. hJmavV ejgwv Accusative Plural ÒusÓ 4. au{th ou|toV Nominative Singular Feminine ÒthisÓ 5. o{n o{V Accusative Singular Masculine ÒwhomÓ 6. pa:san pa:V Accusative Singular Feminine ÒeachÓ 7. ejkklhsivaiV ejkklhsiva 8. ejmoiv ejmovV ejgwv Dative Plural Feminine Òto churchesÓ Dative Singular Emphatic Òto me,Ó " Nominative Plural Masculine ÒourÓ 1 2 This question refers to the nearby demonstrative (ÒthisÓ), with lexical form ou|toV. The distant demonstrative (ÒthatÓ), with lexical form ejkei¾noV, is unlikely to be confused with the third person feminine personal pronoun. Advanced information for when you reach the contract vowel rules in chapter 17: the epsilon replaces the final stem vowel, it does not contract with it. 3 Except when the relative pronoun is attracted to the case of its antecedent. See section page 120 of the textbook. 34 ! Review #3 9. touvtouV ou|toV Accusative Plural Masculine ÒtheseÓ 10. hJ oJ Nominative Singular Feminine ÒtheÓ 11. oi|V o{V Dative Plural Masculine or Neuter Òto whom/to whichÓ polloi¾V poluvV Dative Plural Masculine or Neuter Òto much/to manyÓ podiv pouvV Dative Singular Masculine Òto a footÓ 13. ejkei¾na ejkei¾noV Nominative or Accusative Plural Neuter ÒthoseÓ 14. u{dwr u{dwr Nominative or Accusative Singular Neuter ÒwaterÓ 12. 11. Translation: 1 John 1:5-2:5 1:5 And this is the message that we have heard from him and we proclaim to you, that God is light, and no darkness at all is in him. 1:6 If we say that we have fellowship with him, and we are walking in the darkness, we lie and do not do the truth; 1:7 But if we walk in the light as he is in the light, we have fellowship with one another, and the blood of Jesus his Son cleanses us from every sin. 1:8 If we say that we do not have sin, we deceive ourselves and the truth is not in us. 1:9 If we confess our sins, he is faithful and righteous to forgive us our sins and to cleanse us from every unrighteousness. 1:10 If we say that we have not sinned, we make him a liar, and his word is not in us. 2:1 My little children, I write these things to you in order that you might not sin. But if anyone sins, we have an advocate with the Father, Jesus Christ the righteous; 2:2 And he is the atoning sacrifice for our sins, and not ours only, but also for the entire world. 2:3 And in this way we know that we have known him, if we keep his commandments. 2:4 The one who says, ÒI have known himÓ and is not keeping his commandments is a liar, and the truth is not in him; 2:5 But whoever is keeping his word, truly in this one the love of God has been perfected. In this way we know that we are in him.!