Basics of Biblical Greek Chapters 21-25 Review 5

Chapters 21 - 25 Review #5 Grammar 1. Write out the Master Verb Chart Tense Imperfect active Aug/" Tense" Tense" Redup stem formative e pres 2nd future passive 2. aor pas hs Conn. vowel Personal endings First singular o / e sec act e[luon o / e prim mid/pas ajpostalhvsomai 1st aorist active e aor act sa sec act e[lusa Liquid aorist active e aor act a sec act e[meina 2nd aorist middle e aor act sec mid/pas ejgenovmhn 1st aorist passive e aor pas qh sec act ejluvqhn 1st perfect active le perf act ka prim act levluka 2nd perfect active ge perf act a prim act gevgona Perfect middle/passive le perf pas prim mid/pas levlumai o / e Write out the twelve forms of luvw, imperfect active and passive Imperfect Active 1st sg e[luon 1st pl ejluvomen 2nd sg e[lueV 2nd pl ejluvete 3rd sg e[lue(n) 3rd pl e[luon Imperfect Passive 1st sg ejluovmhn 1st pl ejluovmeqa 2nd sg ejluvou 2nd pl ejluvesqe 3rd sg ejluveto 3rd pl ejluvonto !59 60 ! 3. 4. Review #5 When are primary and secondary endings used? a. Primary endings are used in all finite verbs1 except for those with absolute past time.2 Of the tenses weÕve learned thus far, they are used in the present, future, and perfect tenses. b. Secondary endings are used in all verbs with absolute past time; namely for the indicative mood, in the imperfect and aorist tenses.3 What are the three basic rules of augmentation? a. Verbs beginning with a consonant augment by prefixing an epsilon with a smooth breathing mark." (E.g., lu ↠ ejlu) b. Verbs beginning with a vowel augment by lengthening the vowel." Alpha and epsilon lengthen to eta. (E.g., ejrc ↠ hjrc)." Omicron lengthens to omega. (E.g., oJmo ↠ wJmo )." Other vowels are unchanged. c. 5. 6. 7. Verbs beginning with a diphthong augment by lengthening the first vowel of the diphthong." (E.g., aijt ↠ h/t)." But some diphthongs do not augment at all. What are three clues as to the difference between the present and second aorist (active and middle) forms of the same verb? a. Augment Ð The second aorist has an augment, but the present does not.4 b. Tense stem Ð The second aorist (active and middle) uses the aorist active tense stem, but the present uses the present tense stem. c. Personal endings Ð The second aorist uses secondary personal endings (in the indicative mood), but the present uses primary personal endings. What is the primary significance of the following tenses (in the indicative mood)? a. The imperfect tense describes an event as a continuous action in past time. b. The aorist tense describes an event as occurring in the past without specifying whether it was continuous or nor, or whether it has any effect on the present or not. c. The perfect tense describes a present state that results from a previously completed action. Give three different uses of the middle voice a. Deponent Ð Most of the time (about 75% in the New Testament), the middle voice is deponent, indicating that it is used as a substitute for the active voice. A deponent middle has active meaning, and occurs only in verbs that do not occur in the active voice in that tense. For example, e[rcomai is deponent in the present tense, meaning 1 By saying Òfinite verbsÓ we are excluding participles and infinitives. 2 Advanced information: Primary endings are also not used in the imperative and optative moods. The imperative mood (chapter 33) has its own personal endings. The optative mood (chapter 35) uses secondary personal endings. 3 Advanced information: Secondary endings are also used in the pluperfect tense (chapter 25 advanced information), which is absolute past time. They are also used in the optative mood (chapter 35 advanced information), in all tenses, even though the optative mood does not have absolute past time in any tense. 4 For future reference when you reach chapter 31: This distinction only holds true in the indicative mood. Review #5 ! 61 that it never occurs in the active voice in the present tense, and the meaning of the middle voice is ÒI come,Ó which is an active meaning. b. Separate meaning Ð Some verbs have a different meaning in the middle voice than in the active. For example, a[rcw (present active) means ÒI rule,Ó whereas a[rcomai (present middle) means ÒI begin.Ó c. Self interest Ð For some verbs in the middle voice, the subject performs the action of the verb in some way that affects the subject. For example, in Matthew 27:5, the middle voice is used to state that Judas hanged himself. Parsing 1. hjkolouvqoun ajkoluqevw First Person Singular or Third Person Plural Imperfect Active Indicative ÒI was following / they were followingÓ 2. eijsh:lqen eijsevrcomai Third Person Singular Aorist Active Indicative Òhe/she/it went inÓ 3. ejkhvruxaV khruvssw Second Person Singular Aorist Active Indicative Òyou preachedÓ 4. zhthqhvsetai zhtevw Third Person Singular Future Passive Indicative Òhe/she/it will be soughtÓ 5. e[labon lambavnw First Person Singular or Third Person Plural Aorist Active Indicative ÒI took / they tookÓ 6. pepisteuvkate pisteuvw Second Person Plural Perfect Active Indicative Òyou have believedÓ 7. ejpisteuveto pisteuvw Third Person Singular Imperfect Middle or Passive Indicative Òhe/she/it was being believedÓ 8. ejgravfh gravfw Third Person Singular Aorist Passive Indicative Òhe/she/it was writtenÓ 9. ejgevnou givnomai Second Person Singular Aorist Deponent Indicative Òyou wereÓ 10. hjgavpwn ajgapavw First Person Singular or Third Person Plural Imperfect Active Indicative ÒI was loving / they were lovingÓ 11. h[cqhsan a[gw Third Person Plural Aorist Passive Indicative Òthey were ledÓ 12. ejmeivnamen mevnw First Person Plural Aorist Active Indicative Òwe remainedÓ 13. ejlhvluqa e[rcomai First Person Singular Perfect Active Indicative ÒI have comeÓ Translation: John 9:18-34 9:18 Therefore, the Jews did not believe it, that he was blind and received his sight, until they summoned the parents of the one who had received sight 9:19 and asked them, saying, ÒIs this your son, whom you say was born blind? Therefore, how is it that now he sees?Ó 9:20 Then his parents answered and said, ÒWe know that this is our son and that he was born blind, 9:21 but we do not know how he is now seeing or who opened his eyes. Ask him; he is of age; he will speak about himself.Ó 9:22 The parents said these things because they were fearing the Jews, for the Jews had already decided that if anyone would confess Christ, he would be expelled from the synagogue. 9:23 For this reason, his parents said, ÒHe is of age; ask him.Ó 9:24 Then for the second time they summoned the man who was blind and said to him, ÒGive glory to God; we know that this man is a sinner.Ó 9:25 Then he answered them, ÒI do not know if he is a sinner. I know one thing, that although I was blind, now I am seeing.Ó 9:26 Then they said to him, ÒWhat did he do to you? How did he open your eyes?Ó 9:27 He answered them, ÒI told you already, and you did not listen. Why are you wanting to hear again? You are not also wanting 62 ! Review #5 to become his disciples, are you?Ó 5 9:28 And they hurled insults at him and said, ÒYou are his disciple, but we are disciples of Moses. 9:29 We know that God has spoken through Moses, but we do not know where this man has come from.Ó 9:30 And the man answered and said to them, ÒIn this is something remarkable, that you do not know where he is from, and yet he opened my eyes. 9:31 We know that God does not hear sinners, but if anyone is a godly person and does his will, God hears that person. 9:32 From the beginning of time it has never been heard of anyone opening the eyes of a person who was born blind. 9:33 If he was not from God, he would not be able to do anything.Ó 9:34 And they answered and said to him, ÒYou were born entirely in sins, and you are teaching us?Ó And they threw him outside.! 5 The form of the question indicates that he expects the answer, ÒNo, we do not want to become his disciples.Ó Indicating that in English requires changing the idiom somewhat, as is done here.