Nail Disorders, Anatomy, and Safety in Nail Services

chapter 14 study of nails Question A dehydrant is used to help remove moisture and oil and to prevent the growth of : A. Fungus B. Viruses C. Matrix Cells D. Bacterial Cells A healthy nail is smooth, curved , translucent, pinkish in color and: A. Is slightly rough B. is filled deep into the corners C. has wavy hollows and ridges D. Is without hollows or wavy ridges A thickening of the nail plats or an abnormal outgrowth of the nail is called : A. Onychia B. Pterygium C. Onychauxis D.Tinea Manus After applying the primer during a sculptured nail service : A. avoid touching the nail B. moisten the area to allow better adherence C . touch the nail area lightly to ensure it is dry D. saturate the area with acrylic powder to maintain dryness All of the following identify possible causes of paronychia Except : A. Systemic disease B. Infected hangnail C. Bacterial infection D. Prolonged exposure to water An implement that shortens , shapes and smoothes rough edges of natural nails is called ? A. Tweezers B. Emery Board C. Cuticle Pusher D. Orangewood stick Any disease , disorder or condition of the nail is called : A. Etiology B. Onychosis C. Onychology D. Onychomycosis Attached at the base of the nail, under the skin and inside the mantle is the: A. Nail Root B. Free Edge C. Hyponychium D. Perionychium Avoid the use of acetone polish remover on ? A. hangnails B. natural nails C. plastic nail tips D. nails with only clear polish applied Because most nail product vapors are flammable : A. no cell phones should be use B. smoking should not be allowed in salon C. all air vents should be directed toward that area D. all clients should be required to wear paper masks Blood trapped under nails is a condition referred to as : A. Onychauxis B. Hypertrophy C. Leuconychia D. Bruised Nail Brittle nails or dry aging hands could receive some benefit from : A. Medication B. Fresh Polish C. Massage of Forearms D. Hot oil or cream manicuring Discoloration of the nail can indicate serious problems in which of the following parts of the nail ? A. Lanula B. Cuticle C. Mantle D. Nail Bed During the massage portion of a pedicure service apply pressure to the muscular tissue on either side of : A. the thigh B. the ankle C. the kneecap D. the shinbone Following an acrylic nail service, brushes should be cleaned : A. In gasoline B. Within two days C. In brush cleaner D. in soap and water How much of the nail bed should a nail tip cover : A. 1/8 to 1/4 B. 1/3 to 1/2 C . Entire surface D. Free edge only How often should a disinfectant be replaced : A. Daily B. Hourly C. Once a week D. As directed by manufacturer How should implements involved in a blood spill incident be handled ? A. Discard implements B. double bag the implements and discard C. Clean the implements with hot water then use on client D.Disinfect implements with broad spectrum sisinfectant How should nail polish be applied ? A. From side to side B. Using a heavy first coat C. Using light sweeping strokes D. From the free edge toward the base If a nail fell off and one year later did not grow back , What structure has possibly been permanently damaged : A. Onyx B. Lunula C.Matrix D .Cuticle If a nail fungus is found prior to performing a fill - in nail service , which of the following steps do you take : A . file the cuticle B. Remove the artificial nail C. Apply base coat and polish D. Apply dehydrant to exposed natural nail Improper filing , injuries or harsh chemicals could because of : A. Fungus B. Split nails C. Hangnails D. Bruised Nails Nails with a sign of disease require : A. Hot oil treatments B. Referral to a Physician C. Blood spill procedures D. Extra disinfection procedures Answer Fungus Is without hollows or wavy ridges Onychauxis avoid touching the nail Systemic disease Emery Board Onychosis Nail Root plastic nail tips smoking should not be allowed in salon Bruised Nail Hot oil or cream manicuring Nail Bed the shinbone In brush cleaner 1/3 to 1/2 As directed by manufacturer Disinfect implements with broad spectrum sisinfectant Using light sweeping strokes Matrix Remove the artificial nail Split nails Referral to a Physician Onychia is an inflammation of the : A. Cuticle B. Nail wall C. Nail matrix D. Hyponychium Onychorrhexis is a term Indicating : A . Bitten nails B. Bruised nails C. Split or Brittle Nails D. Pigmentation Problems Primary purpose of the free edge of the nail is to : A. beautify the fingertip B. hold moisture in the nail C. Protect the sebaceous glands D. protect the tip of the finger and /or toe Re-balancing the nail during a fill-in nail service means to file and buff the nail to blend : A. top coat and polish B. Base coat and polish C. Primer and dehydrant D. Remaining acrylic to new growth area Small white spots on the nail caused by an injury in which a small separation occurs between the nail and the nail bed is called : A. Agnails B. Blue Nails C. Leuconychia D. Bruised Nails Systemic or long -term illness or nervous disturbance can cause : A. Furrows B. Hang Nails C. Spoon Nails D. Ingrown Nail The Lunula is half-moon shape at base of nail that appears white of reflection of light the point : A. nail matrix ,nail bed meet B. nail root ,nail cuticle meet C. nail wall ,nail grooves meet The active tissue that generates cells that as they move outward from the root to the nail is called the nail : A . Plate B. Mantle C. Matrix D. Eponychium The disorder in which the nail grows into the edge of the nail grooves causing ingrown toenails is called : A. Onychauxis B. Leuconychia C. Onychogryposis D. Onychocryptosis The finger bowl should contain warm and : A. Bleach B. Bath Oil C. Disinfectant D. Soap The folds of the skin on either side of the nail groove are called: A. Nail bed B. Nail wall C. Nail plate D. Perionychium The loose and pliable overlapping skin around the nail is the : A. Cuticle B. Nail wall C. Leuconychia D. Hyponychium The manicurist will apply nail polish : A. over the sealer B. over the base coat C. on the clean nail bed D. prior to a massage service The nail bed is attached to the bone by: A. cell B. nerves C. muscles D. ligaments The skin under the free edge of the nail is : A. Lunula B. Nail root C. Eponychium D. Hyponychium The technical name for the disease referred to as ringworm ( tinea ) of the nail is : A. Tinea Pedis B. Paronychia C. Tinea Manus D. Onychomycosis The tracks on either side of the nail moves on as it grows are: A. Roots B. Edge C. Plates D. Grooves Tinea pedis appears as itching and peeling of the skin on the feet and must be : A. Referred to a Physician B. Treated with a weekly pedicure C. Treated immediately by rinsing in hot water D. Soaked in antiseptic , then dried thoroughly Trimming toenails straight across can help avoid : A. Split nails B. Rough Nails C. Broken Nails D . Ingrown toenails Under normal conditions , the growth of a new nail plant takes approximately : A. 1 year B. 2 years C. 1 to 3 weeks D. 4 to 6 months Uneven growth of a nail may cause : A. Blue nails B. Kolionychia C. Leuconychia D. Wavy ridges Upon discovery of the nail fungus on a clients hands or feet , the cosmetologist needs to : A .Refer client to physician B. Disinfect your entire salon C. Dip hands in disinfectant solution D. Ask client to wash with antibacterial soap Vertical lines down the nail plate that may be caused by illness or injury are called: A. Roots B. Furrows C. Grooves D . Corrugations What condition results when the cuticle becomes overly dry and splits? A. Tinea B. Matrix C. Hangnail D. Leuconychia What is another name for Onychauxis ? A. Agnails B. Hangnail C. Pterygium D. Hypertrophy What is generally the wattage for a bulb found in a lamp used for close detail work : A. 40 watt B. 60 watt C .75 watt D. 100 watt What is the average growth rate of nails in adults ? A. 1/8 " (.3 cm) per month B. 1/4" (.6 cm) per month C. 1/3" (.8 cm) per month D. 1/16 "( .1 cm ) per month Nail Matrix Split or Brittle Nails protect the tip of the finger and /or toe Remaining acrylic to new growth area Leuconychia Spoon Nails nail matrix ,nail bed meet Matrix Onychocryptosis Soap Nail wall Cuticle over the base coat ligaments Hyponychium Onychomycosis Grooves Referred to a Physician D . Ingrown toenails 4 to 6 months Wavy ridges Refer client to physician Furrows Hangnail Hypertrophy 40 watt 1/8 " (.3 cm) per month What is the cuticle that overlaps the lunula at the base of the nail? A. Mantle B. Eponychium C. Perionychium D. Hyponychium What is the deep pocket-like area that holds the root and the matrix of the nail ? A. Onyx B. Lunula C. Mantle D. Nail Groove What is the function of a nail dryer when used during a nail service ? A. Create a color effect B. Remove stains and whiten nails C . prevent nail from splitting and peeling D. Aid in fast drying and protection from being sticky or dull What is the job of the manicurist when determining the shape of the clients nails ? A. Enhance the clients natural nail shape B. Strive for square nails since they are the strongest C. Ensure every clients leaves the salon with oval nails What of the following conditions does not indicate a decreasing rate of nail growth A. Aging B. Winter C. Summer D. Poor nutrition What product may be used to remove nail stains ? A. Hand lotion B. Nail Bleach C. Paraffin D. Cuticle Cream What should you use to remove excess polish at the edge of the nail? A. cotton ball B. your thumbnail C. emery board D. orangewood stick wrapped in cotton with the tip saturated in polish remover What would be the correct response if a client arrives for a manicure and exhibits signs of onychophagy ? A. Reprimand B. Refuse to perform manicure C. Refer the clients to a Physician D. Offer to perform a a weekly nail service ,including polish When is it appropriate to offer a hand massage during a manicure ? A. Prior to polishing the nail B. After applying the nail polish C. Prior to scrubbing each hand and nails with a nail brush D. Prior to scrubbing each hand & nails with nail brush When performing a manicure you must remove any traces of oil , lotion or cream : A. Before applying polish B. Before applying the sealer C. Before applying the base coat D. Before beginning the massage When removing polish from the nails, work from : A. Tip to base B. Base to tip C. Side to side D. center to outside When should a dehydrating product be applied to the nail ? A. After applying primer B. Before applying a nail form C. After applying sculptured nail service Which is the nail condition that can be indicated by a yellow green discoloration that turns black and begins to smell bad ? A. Bruising B. Nail Fungus C. Onychorrhexis D. A pigmentation Problem Which nail structure consists of many nerves and blood vessels for continuous nourishments ? A. Nail bed B. Nail plate C. Nail Lunula D. Nail mantle Which of the following condition is caused by a nervous habit ? A. Onychauxis B. Onychophagy C. Onychorrhexis D. Onychogryposis Which of the following components are considered appendages of the skin : A. cells B. nails C. bones D. muscles Which of the following conditions refers to an excess of living skin attached to the nail plate that disrupts normal nail growth ? A. Pterygium B. Leuconychia C. Bruised Nail D. Onychophagy Which of the following nail diseases is not caused by fungus ? A. Tinea pedis B. Tinea manus C. Onychomycosis D. Onychatrophia Which of the following steps describes the proper disinfecting procedure for implements following use in a manicure service : A. Place implements in soap and water after disinfecting B. Wash implements with soap and water then place disinfectant what is the skin that touches, overlaps and surrounds the nails? A. Lunula B. Cuticle C. Nail wall D. Perionychium Eponychium Mantle Aid in fast drying and protection from being sticky or dull Enhance the clients natural nail shape Summer Nail Bleach orangewood stick wrapped in cotton with the tip saturated in polish remover Offer to perform a a weekly nail service ,including polish Prior to polishing the nail Before applying polish Base to tip Before applying a nail form Nail Fungus Nail bed Onychophagy nails Pterygium Onychatrophia Wash implements with soap and water then place disinfectant Perionychium