University:
Minnesota State University Moorhead
Course:
HIST-105 | World History II
Academic year:

2021
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222

Pages:

2
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customer-8550505

Martin Luther & Protestantism From the 95 Theses of Martin Luther, 1517 21. Therefore those preachers of indulgences are in error, who say that by the pope’s indulgences a man is freed from every penalty, and saved… 36. Every truly repentant Christian has a right to full remission (forgiveness) of penalty and guilt, even without letters of pardon (indulgences)… 37. Every true Christian, whether living or dead, has part in all the blessings of Christ and the Church; and this is granted him by God, even without letters of pardon (indulgences)… 43. Christians [should] be taught that he who gives to the poor or lends to the needy does a better work than buying pardons (indulgences)… 86. Why does not the pope, whose wealth is today greater than the riches of the richest, build just this one church of St. Peter with his own money, rather than with the money of poor believers? According to Luther’s criticism, the ability to grant forgiveness of sins belongs only to whom? What socio-economic criticism (dealing with wealth and social class) does Luther make against the Church? Catholicism VS Protestantism What were two major ways that Protestant beliefs and practices (Lutheran & Calvinist) differed from those of Catholicism? If Protestant ideas spread in Europe, the places where it gained followers would be outside the control of the Catholic Church. What group or groups would benefit from the Church losing power? Based on the chart, do you think the motivation behind the Protestant Reformation was more religious or secular? Explain your position with examples. His plan was not to split the Church, which is what ended up happening in the Reformation. [Rather, the selling of indulgences] was a signal to him that the Church needed to be reformed and that this sort of thing ought to be talked about. So he wrote the Theses in Latin and said lets have a debate about it. Copies of the Theses were published, probably with his approval, by his friends in three different towns in Germany… and they spread very very quickly. And then other people translated them into German and then those translations also spread very quickly, and it was said at the time that the Theses were known throughout Germany within two weeks and throughout Europe within a month. And so Luther realized that the sharing of these printed pamphlets could spread information very quickly. And so he wrote his next pamphlet in March 1518, [this time in German rather than in Latin so that it could be read by all], deliberately expecting it to spread… and sure enough it did. And so that’s why I think there’s this analogy with social media, because he didn’t have to arrange for it to be printed all around Germany. All that happened was he gave a copy to a friendly printer in Wittenberg, no money changed hands, the pamphlet was immediately seized upon when it became available, people took it to other towns, discussed it with their friends, talked about it in taverns and marketplaces, preachers heard about it, and so his ideas spread along these existing social networks, and that’s why I think there’s this very strong analogy with social media today. Source: “How Luther Went Viral: Social Media in the 16th Century,” Tom Standage, The Economist How was the way Protestantism spread similar to the way things spread through the internet today?

Martin Luther & Protestantism

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