Which Brain Region is Best Believed to Play a Critical Role in OCD

According to the textbook, which brain region is best believed to play a critical role in OCD? C.orbitofrontal cortex Alexis experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder, but only during midwinter. What kind of depression does Alexis have? A. bipolar B. peripartum/postpartum C. persistent depressive D. seasonal pattern D Antisocial personality disorder is associated with ________. a. emotional deficits b. memory deficits c. parental overprotection d. increased empathy A ________are mental or behavioral acts that reduce anxiety in social situations, such as wearing bland, neutral clothes to avoid drawing attention to oneself. A. Obsessions B. Ruminations C. Safety behaviors D. Therapies C The belief that you ________ is an example of a delusion. A. can perform miracles on demand B. can quit smoking C. do not love your parents D. will be arrested for committing a crime A Bipolar disorder was formerly called _____. A. manic-depression. B. hysteria. C. illness anxiety disorder. D. multiple personality disorder A Chi-en harbors the belief that spider eggs have been implanted underneath her fingernails. What kind of delusion is this? A. disorganized B. grandiose C. paranoid D. somatic D Clifford falsely believes that the police have planted secret cameras in his home to monitor his every movement. Clifford's belief is an example of ________. a. a delusion b. a hallucination c. tangentiality d. a negative symptom A Cole spends a few weeks being treated for major depressive disorder. He eventually stops exhibiting symptoms, but a few months later they reoccur. Once again the symptoms dissipate, but a few months later they reoccur. Cole's major depressive disorder is ________ A. asymptomatic B. episodic C. limited in duration to a few weeks D. reoccurring every few months B Common symptoms of major depressive disorder include all of the following except ________. a. periods of extreme elation and euphoria b. difficulty concentrating and making decisions c. loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities d. psychomotor agitation and retardation A Cordelia, an active duty marine, served in Afghanistan. While she was on patrol with her friend, an IED went off, killing her friend and injuring her. In the two months since her friend died, Cordelia has been jumpy, irritable, avoids talking about her friend, and once every few days experiences a flashback to the explosion. Cordelia is experiencing a ________ disorder. A. antisocial personality B. mood C. posttraumatic stress D. schizotypal personality C ________ delusions involve the (false) belief that other people or agencies are plotting to harm the person. A. Grandiose B. Hallucination C. Paranoid D. Somatic C The diathesis-stress model presumes that psychopathology results from ________. a. vulnerability and adverse experiences b. biochemical factors c. chemical imbalances and structural abnormalities in the brain d. adverse childhood experiences A ________ disorders are characterized by excessive, persistent fear and apprehension and by related disturbances in behavior. A. Anxiety B. Body dysmorphic C. Obsessive-compulsive D. Personality A Dissociative amnesia involves ________. a. memory loss following head trauma b. memory loss following stress c. feeling detached from the self d. feeling detached from the world B Dissociative identity disorder mainly involves ________. A. depersonalization B. derealization C. schizophrenia D. different personalities D Dissociative identity disorder mainly involves ________. a. depersonalization b. derealization c. schizophrenia d. different personalities D Donna exhibits two separate personalities, each well-defined and distinct from one another, so Dr. Paulson diagnosed Donna with ________ disorder. A. anxiety B. dissociative identity C. personality D. schizophrenia B Dr. Anastasia believes that major depressive disorder is caused by an over-secretion of cortisol. His view on the cause of major depressive disorder reflects a ________ perspective. a. psychological b. supernatural c. biological d. diathesis-stress C Dr. Griffiths diagnosed Manuel with major depressive disorder because he ________. A. appears tearful to others and spends weeks at a time feeling sad, empty, and hopeless. B. exhibits three separate personalities, each distinct from the other. C. hates being outside the home alone. D. refuses to leave his room due to anxiety over what might happen during the day A Due to Dominique' s obsessive-compulsive disorder, she may ________. A. exhibit an extreme fear of water. B. insist that she hears voices. C .refuse to leave her bed due to anxiety over what might happen during the day. D. wash her hands every 10 minutes throughout the day. D Edwina is constantly worried. She cannot really identify why she feels this way, and she finds it nearly impossible to relax. Edwina's therapist believes her symptoms best represent ___________ A. obsessive-compulsive. B. generalized anxiety disorder. C. panic disorder. D. social anxiety disorder. B Etiology is another word for ________. A. causes B. conditions C. forms D. psychopathology A Exhibiting a personality that ________ is a common characteristic of all personality disorders. A. differs markedly from the expectations of one's culture B. is borderline or narcissistic C. is incompatible with Western cultural norms D. is split off, or dissociated, from one's core sense of self A Fidel suddenly wanders away from his home and experiences confusion about his identity. Fidel may be experiencing a(n) ________. A. associative fugue B. catatonia C. depersonalization D. dissociative fugue D From an early age, Kwaku got into trouble constantly. He continually violates the rights of others and he often lies, fights, and has problems with the law. Generally, Kwaku is impulsive and fails to think ahead. He is frequently deceitful and manipulative in order to get the things he wants, and he never regrets his misdeeds or considers the feelings of those he has harmed. Which of the following diagnoses best accounts for Kwaku's personality? A. antisocial personality disorder B. dependent personality disorder C. obsessive-compulsive personality disorder D. paranoid personality disorder A Identify the compulsion in the following example. Yin can't stop thinking about his book collection, which includes hundreds of first editions. He wants it to be in a particular order. Yin spends hours every day organizing his books alphabetically by author, then by color, then by size. A. having hundreds of first editions in his book collection B. organizing the books C. thinking about the books all the time D. thinking about the order of the books all the time B Identify the obsession in the following sentence. "Keisha is overly concerned about germs, so she spends hours wiping the surfaces of her home and washing her hands." A. concern over germs B. germs C. spending hours washing her hands D. spending hours wiping the surfaces of her home A If Laura has bipolar disorder, then she _________. A. experiences flashbacks interspersed with depression. B. never thinks about the risk that a major depressive episode will follow a manic episode. C. often experiences mood states that vacillate between depression and mania. D. once started a day euphoric and ended the day tired C In explaining the development of schizophrenia, the diathesis-stress model emphasizes ___________. A. the role of brain abnormalities. B. the interaction of genetic predispositions and stress. C. the role of stressful life experiences in creating a diathesis. D. the role of psychosocial influences in creating a diathesis. B In the harmful dysfunction definition of psychological disorders, dysfunction involves ________. a. the inability of a psychological mechanism to perform its function b. the breakdown of social order in one's community c. communication problems in one's immediate family d. all the above A ________ involves thoughts of self-inflicted death, thinking about or planning one's death, or making a self-death attempt. A. Flight of ideas B. Rumination C. Suicidal ideation D. Suicide C In which of the following anxiety disorders is the person in a continuous state of excessive, pointless worry and apprehension? a. panic disorder b. generalized anxiety disorder c. agoraphobia d. social anxiety disorder B ________ is a subtype of depression in which a person experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder only during a particular time of year. A. Bipolar disorder B. Mood disorder C. Persistent depressive disorder D. Seasonal pattern D Janice is in the middle of a distinct period of an abnormally and persistently elevated mood. In the last week she has cleaned her house from top to bottom (breaking windows and dishes in the process), bought a new car that she can't afford, and dug up most of her yard in case she might want a garden next year. Janice is experiencing ______________. A. body dysmorphia. B. flight of ideas. C. mania. D. rapid cycling C Jeff is an unforgiving perfectionist who would rather deliver work a week late than turn in a project with even minor mistakes. In fact, he spends so much time working that he never has time for anything else. Jeff is known to be rigid, inflexible, and stubborn, and he never compromises. Which of the following diagnoses best accounts for Jeff's personality? A. histrionic personality disorder B. narcissistic personality disorder C. obsessive-compulsive personality disorder D. schizoid personality disorder C Jerry allows others to take over and run his life. He is submissive and clings to those around him. Jerry cannot make decisions without advice and reassurance from others, probably because he lacks selfconfidence. He finds it impossible to do things on his own, and he feels uncomfortable and helpless when he is alone. Which of the following diagnoses best accounts for Jerry's personality? A. avoidant personality disorder B. borderline personality disorder C. dependent personality disorder D. narcissistic personality disorder C Joey talks and moves slowly. When asked a question, he answers slowly in monotone monosyllables, if he answers at all. Joffrey is experiencing psychomotor________. A. agitation. B. deprivation. C. disorder. D. retardation. D John is noticeably fidgety and jittery. He can't sit still; he paces, wrings his hands, and pulls at his clothing constantly. John suffers from psychomotor________. A. agitation. B. distress. C. rigidity. D. tension. A Juanita was diagnosed with major depressive disorder five years ago. She knows her mother took medicine to combat depression and she worries her daughter will experience depression too. Why? A. Juanita also suffers from social anxiety disorder. B. Mood disorders are more likely to occur in younger people. C. Mood disorders have been shown to have a strong genetic and biological basis. D. People who grow up with a depressed parent become depressed themselves C Karl can't pay attention in class. He is easily distracted, won't sit still, and displays poor impulse control. The school counselor suggested that his parents take Karl to a doctor in order to have him assessed for ________. A. Asperger's syndrome B. attention deficit hyperactivity disorder C. autism spectrum disorder D. schizoid personality disorder B The letters in the abbreviation DSM-5 stand for ________. A. Diseases and Statistics Manual of Medicine B. Diagnosable Standards Manual of Mental Disorders C. Diseases and Symptoms Manual of Mental Disorders D. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders D The letters in the abbreviation DSM-5 stand for ________. a. Diseases and Statistics Manual of Medicine b. Diagnosable Standards Manual of Mental Disorders c. Diseases and Symptoms Manual of Mental Disorders d. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders D Long-term is to ________ Disorder as short-term is to _________ Disorder. A. Persistent Depressive; Major Depressive B. Major Depressive; Persistent Depressive C. Somatoform; Body Dysmorphic D. Body Dysmorphic; Somatoform A Mae notices that her daughter, Natalie, is extremely preoccupied with the freckles on her nose. Mae can barely see the freckles, but Natalie spends hours in front of the mirror and recently declared that her nose is deformed and she is ugly. She spent her entire weekend applying products to eliminate the freckles, and she recently announced her plans to save money for plastic surgery. Mae believes her daughter may have a ________ disorder. A. body dysmorphic B. generalized anxiety C. mood D. neurological A Miguel worries excessively about things beyond his control, and his worries often interfere with his life. He avoids driving because he worries about car accidents. Miguel calls his parents twice a day because he worries about how they might feel regarding him. Miguel most likely suffers from ________. A. free-floating anxiety disorder B. generalized anxiety disorder C. obsessive-compulsive disorder D. persistent depressive disorder B The ________ model suggests that people with a predisposition for a disorder are more likely to develop the disorder when faced with adverse environmental or psychological events. A. diathesis-stress B. supernatural C. Szasz D. Venn A The most common form of hallucinations in schizophrenia is _______. A. visual B. olfactory C. auditory D. tactile C Nagging, intrusive thoughts are called ____, and repetitive or ritual behaviors are called____. A. diatheses; delusions. B. compulsions; obsessions. C. obsessions; compulsions. D. diatheses; conversions C Nathan has an overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance. He is preoccupied with fantasies of success and believes that he is entitled to special treatment from others. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Nathan's personality? A. borderline personality disorder B. histrionic personality disorder C. narcissistic personality disorder D. schizotypal personality disorder C Nicole is socially inhibited and oversensitive to negative evaluation. She was thinking about a career in nursing, but she changed her mind because she believes the doctors would criticize her and patients would reject her. Nicole has never been on a date because she feels socially inept and unappealing; she avoids meeting new people because anything less than immediate, unconditional acceptance causes her anxiety. Just yesterday Nicole was invited to go on a kayak trip, but she didn't go because she was worried she would embarrass herself. Which of the following diagnoses best accounts for Nicole's personality? A. avoidant personality disorder B. dependent personality disorder C. obsessive-compulsive personality disorder D. schizotypal personality disorder A One of the primary characteristics of autism spectrum disorder is ________. a. bed-wetting b. difficulty relating to others c. short attention span d. intense and inappropriate interest in others B A panic disorder is a type of ________disorder characterized by panic attacks, along with at least one month of worry about panic attacks or self-defeating behavior related to the attacks. A. anxiety B. generalized C. safety D. social A Patterns of inner experience and behavior are thought to reflect the presence of a psychological disorder if they ________. a. are highly atypical b. lead to significant distress and impairment in one's life c. embarrass one's friends and/or family d. violate the norms of one's culture B People who are normal all year long, but experience mood problems during the months of December, January, and February suffer from _______. A. Prodromal Syndrome B. Body Dysmorphic Disorder C. Major Depressive Disorder with Seasonal Pattern D. Depersonalization Disorder C People who cannot bear to part with personal possessions are most likely to suffer from _________ Disorder. A. Body Dysmorphic B. Hoarding C. Dissociative Amnesia D. Dissociative Fuge B People with borderline personality disorder often ________. a. try to be the center of attention b. are shy and withdrawn c. are impulsive and unpredictable d. tend to accomplish goals through cruelty C People with ____ disorders exhibit a personality style that differs markedly from the expectations of their culture, is pervasive and inflexible, begins in adolescence or early adulthood, and causes distress or impairment. A. psychiatric B. psychological C. Psychosocial D. personality D People with ________ disorders experience thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts. A. anxiety B. obsessive-compulsive C. personality D. phobia B Peripartum onset depression is a kind of depression ________. A. characterized by mood states that vacillate between depression and mania. B. in which an individual experiences mania, characterized by extremely cheerful and euphoric mood, excessive talkativeness, irritability, increased activity levels, and other symptoms. C. in which an individual has a tendency to repetitively and passively dwell on one's depressed symptoms, their meanings, and their consequences. D. that applies to women who experience an episode of major depression either during pregnancy or in the four weeks following childbirth D The ________ perspective suggests that psychological disorders result largely from faulty physical processes, and the ________perspective emphasizes the importance of factors such as stress and thoughts as well as environmental factors in the development of psychological disorders. A. biological; psychological B. diathesis; supernatural C. medical; stress D. psychological; biological A Phobias develop through associations of aversive stimuli with previously neutral stimuli. This expresses the explanation of phobia development in terms of __________. A. cognitive. B. classical conditioning. C. operant conditioning. D. psychodynamic B Phyllis cannot be alone. Her moods and behaviors are unstable, as are her relationships with other people. She often displays inappropriate and intense anger. Recently, Phyllis wrote a suicide note and offered to show it to her husband. Which of the following diagnoses best accounts for her personality? A. antisocial personality disorder B. avoidant personality disorder C. borderline personality disorder D. schizotypal personality disorder C Piper is diagnosed with agoraphobia because she experiences intense fear and anxiety of __________ A. being outside the home alone B. blood C. enclosed spaces D. heights A A primary characteristic of autism spectrum disorder is _____. A. bed-wetting. B. difficulty relating to others. C. short attention span. D. high and engaging interest in others. B A psychological disorder is a ________. A. condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. B. condition characterized by normal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. C. manifestation of a psychopathology. D. situational, idiosyncratic, or unconventional inner feelings. A A recent study compared the vaccination histories of 256 children with autism spectrum disorder with that of 752 control children across three time periods during their first two years of life. Researchers found that ________. A. a combination of genetics, mental predisposition, and bad parenting combined with the MMR vaccination caused autism spectrum disorder. B. delaying vaccinations lessened the odds that a child would develop autism spectrum disorder after a