Chapter 19 Viruses Worksheet

Chapter 19 Review WS - Viruses Biology Name Date Block : Using the word bank, write the correct word in that matches the description. One way a virus can reproduce that kills the host cell right away; this process is when viral genomes and viral proteins are made into new viruses that will be released from the cell once it lyses 2 Segments of DNA that can jump from one location to another in the cell's genome; this is one possibility that scientists think could have been the original source of viral genomes 3. These recognize and cut up foreign DNA in bacteria; it is the defense mechanism of bacteria against viruses 4. RNA viruses that do an RNA DNA information flow; use reverse transcriptase; an example of these is HIV 5. Infectious particle consisting of genes and a protein coat 6 Protein subunits of the capsid 7 Infectious proteins that typically attack the brain tissue; causes normal brain proteins to turn into the misfolded form and thus causes brain damage 8 Harmless variants of a pathogen that can stimulate the immune system to mount defenses against the actual pathogen 9 Viral DNA that incorporates itself into the bacterial genome 10 Phages that replicate ONLY by the lytic cycle 11. 12. A component of viruses that only some viruses have; these are typically derived from the plasma membrane of the host cell One way that plant viruses can spread is by the plant being infected from an external source such as insects or farm equipment 13. The virus that causes AIDS; this is a retrovirus 14. A virus that infects a bacteria 15. He crystallized the TMV virus 16. One way a virus can reproduce that does not kill the host cell right away; the virus can lay dormant in the genome of the host cell and just get replicated every time the bacteria divides 17 The term that describes viruses since they can only replicate and function in a host cell 18 The name for the protein coat in a virus 1 19. 20. The enzyme that retroviruses use to go from RNA back to DNA 21. Viruses that use both the lytic and lysogenic reproductive cycles 22. When plant viruses spread the infection from parent to offspring; this can be done asexually or sexually using seeds 23. 24. The range of cells that viruses are able to infect 25. 26. 27. Plasmids and transposons are called this because they are able to move within the genome 28. 29. 30. He gets credit for discovering viruses; researched tobacco mosaic virus Small, circular DNA molecules that are separate from chromosomes, can replicate independently of the rest of the cell, and are occasionally transferred between cells; these are another possibility for the original source of viral genomes These can kill bacteria but are powerless against viruses The disease caused by the HIV virus Viral genome that is PERMANENTLY inserted into a host cells genome One type of infectious agent that is smaller than viruses; naked RNA; these demonstrate that it only takes a single molecule to spread disease; these infect plants Drugs that are given when a person gets infected with a virus, they interfere with viral nucleic acid synthesis Word Bank: Virus Adolf Mayer Wendell Stanley Capsomeres Viral Envelopes Bacteriophages Capsid Host Range Lytic Cycle Obligate Intracellular Parasites Virulent Phages Restriction Enzymes Lysogenic Cycle Temperate Phages Prophage Retroviruses HIV Reverse Transcriptase AIDS Provirus Plasmids Mobile Genetic Elements Transposons Vaccines Antibiotics Antiviral Drugs Horizontal Transmission Viroids Prions Vertical Transmission Short Answer: Answer the following questions in the space provided. 1. What are the 3 ways that new viruses can emerge? 2. What are the 4 possible types of genomes viruses can have? 3. Why do RNA viruses have a higher rate of mutation than DNA viruses? 4. Explain prions and viroids. 5. What are the two options for the original source of viral DNA? Explain what they are. 6. What are the two parts of all viruses? 7. Compare vertical and horizontal transmission in plant viruses. 8. Compare the lytic and lysogenic cycle.