Ecology Unit 6 Practice Test

Unit 6 Practice Test 1. Industrialized meat production has harmful environmental consequences. These include all of the following EXCEPT (A) the use of large amounts of energy. (B) contributing to the eutrophication of the Gulf of Mexico. (C) contributing to global warming. (D) polluting the air, water and soil with manure. (E) natural control of pests. 2. Which of the following techniques helps to limit soil erosion? (A) Clear-cut logging (B) Off-road vehicles (C) Terracing (D) Deforestation (E) Overgrazing 3. Marry crops are now being engineered so that pests do not eat them. These are called (A) genetically modified crops (GMOs). (B) plantation agriculture crops. (C) high-input agriculture crops. (D) hydroponics. (E) macronutrients. 4. One way farmers can help to reduce soil erosion is using soil conservation methods. Which of the following is an example of a soil conservation method? (A) Waterlogging (B] Deforestation (C] Planting on already eroded land (D) Alley cropping (E) Clear cutting 5. Which of the following would be a disadvantage to using pesticides? (A) Pesticides eliminate pests that spread disease. IB) Pesticides can bioaccumulate up the food chain. (C) Pesticides help keep the price of food down. (D) Pesticides work fast. (E) Pesticides are profitable. 6. DDT was a very effective pesticide; however, it remained in the environment for years. This is known as (A) broad-spectrum agent. (B) genetic resistance. (C) the pesticide treadmill. (D) persistence. (E) the financial treadmill. 7. Which of the following practices would be a way that a farmer could grow crops organically? (A) Using pesticides in limited amounts and only on specific days. (B) Only using pesticides that are water soluble. (C) Planting crops at times when the bugs are not around to eat them. (D) Doing aerial spraying for bugs rather than applying at the crops level. (E) Spraying pesticides on the roots so that the part of the plant that is eaten is not contaminated. 8. A method of using biological control to control pests is to (A) bring in natural enemies such as predators, parasites and bacteria. (B) utilize synthetic herbicides. (C) allow wind to carry pesticides from one region to another. (D) use broad spectrum agents. (E) use a second-generation pesticide. 9. The goal of Integrated pest management is to (A) wipe out as many of the pest species as possible to save crops. (B) wipe out as many of the pest species as possible to save human lives. (C) genetically engineer as many crop species as possible to eliminate the need for pesticides. (D) encourage farmers to grow organically, eliminating the need for pesticides. (E) utilize biological, chemical and cultivation techniques in a coordinated way to eliminate pest species. 10. One way to successfully incorporate genetic engineering is to (A) add pesticides to the DNA of the crop plant. (B) cross a crop plant with a native variety. (C) bring in hormones to control developmental processes at different stages. (D) use biological control by importing natural predators. (E) get on the pesticide treadmill. 11. Raising fish in underwater pens is one way to solve the overharvesting problem. This is known as (A) aquaculture. (B) organic fish farming. (C) ocean dumping. (D) restoration. (E) maximum sustainable yield. 12. A more sustainable form of meat production is to (A) graze beef on local lands. (B) switch to poultry and farm raised fish. (C) inject cattle with hormones to get more muscle mass. (D) raise more animals per square acre of land. (E) raise beef rather than pork. 13. What percent of the people aged 20-29 years will be lost if they die from AIDS? (A) 0.20 (B) 0.50 (C) 30 (D) 60 (E) 80 14. Which of the below is NOT one of the social ramifications of HIV infection and resulting death of young adults? (A) Decreasing orphanage rates (B) Diminishing education (C) Diminishing healthcare (D) Decreased food production (E) Disintegrating families 15. Which of the below is a part of risk assessment? (A) Comparative risk analysis (B) Determining financial commitment (C) Assessing the probability of risk (D) Risk reduction strategy (E) Quantity of risk reduction needed 16. Which of the below diseases is incorrectly paired with its type of organism? (A) Virus-HIV (B) Bacteria-Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) (C) Fungi-Ringworm (D) Protozoan-Malaria (E) Prion-Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease (Mad Cow) 17. A United Nations risk management training program reported that the risk of accidental death from playing field sports is 1 in 25,000. This means that (A) 25,000 people that play field sports will die from an accidental death. (B) people who play field sports are at equal risk of accidental death. (C) one out of every 25,000 people will likely die from accidental death while playing field sports. (D) there is a very low possibility that one who plays field sports will die from an accidental death. (E) accidental deaths from playing field sports are uncommon. Questions 18 and 19 refer to the three types of chemical hazards below. I. Carcinogens II. Mutagens III. Teratogens 18. PCB's can cause cancer and birth defects are classified as (A) I only. (B) II only. (C) III only. (D) I and III only. (E) II and III only. 19. Ethyl alcohol can cause birth defects and is classified as (A) I only. (B) ll only. (C) III only. (D) I and II only. (E) II and III only. 20. Which of the below is NOT a factor in the spread of infectious diseases to humans from other animals? (A) Clearing of forests (B) Expanding suburbs and fragmentation of woodlands (C) Limits put on the international trade of livestock animals (D) Legal and illegal trade in wild species (E) Local people utilizing monkeys and other animals for bush meat 21. One of the largest threats of infectious disease to humans next to HIV & malaria is the spread of tuberculosis (TB). This is due primarily to (A) the overuse of antibiotics treating people infected with TB. (B) increased urbanization and global transportation coupled with too few screening and control programs. (C) identifying people with chronic coughs that may be active carriers. (D) quarantining people who have an incurable form of TB. (E) utilizing viruses as transmission vectors for gene therapy. 22. One reason that mercury (Hg) is so persistent and bioaccumulates without being broken down is that Hg is a (A) potent carcinogen. (B) radioactive element. (e) pervasive compound. (D) common molecule. (E) stable element. 23.The LD50 of a drug or compound (A) depends on how much of the drug is required for biological activity. (B) is based on the number of days it takes to kill the subjects. (C) utilizes the response times of individual cells in petri dishes to determine lethal doses. (D) is based on computer modeling of simulated cell responses. (E) is the dose that can kill 50% of the animals in a test population. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. e c a d b d c a e 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. b a b c a c b c d 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. c c b e a