AP European History Unit 6 Quiz

AP European History Unit 6 Quiz 1. All of the following are reasons as to why Great Britain was first to industrialize EXCEPT: a. Predominance of rivers b. Favorable climate c. The abundance of coal and iron d. Surplus labor 2. Which of the following is one of the main factors to the foundation of industrial cities? a. Creation of the steam engine b. The use of water as power c. Creation of the cottage industry d. Wind energy 3. The Industrial Revolution is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT: a. Effective production of steel and iron b. Improved transportation c. Improved communication d. Improved health conditions 4. Which of the following is true about the First Industrial Revolution and the Second? a. Both focused on improving machinery b. Both thrived on the prime usage of coal c. The First Industrial Revolution focused on transportation and communication, while the Second Industrial Revolution focused on the improvement of machinery. d. The First Industrial Revolution focused on textile finished goods while the Second Industrial Revolution focused on steel production. 5. All of the following characterize the Second Industrial Revolution EXCEPT: a. Chemical weapon manufacturing b. The Bessemer process c. The transition from handmade goods to machinery d. Railroads 6. What was the Bessemer process? a. Factory system to improve the efficiency of textile manufacturing b. A system for factories to produce goods in parts c. An inexpensive process for mass production of steel d. A new process that would mass-produce coal 7. Why did it take Germany longer to industrialize? a. Its geography was too large b. It had not yet been unified c. It did not have access to English inventions d. None of the above 8. With a rising working class, which of the following was an effect? a. Increase of labor unions b. Better sanitation in urban areas c. Laws to increase child labor d. Health insurance for workers 9. What was the main reason for the Revolutions of 1848? a. To protest utopian socialism b. To rid Europe of monarchies c. To revolt against aristocratic control d. To enact laissez-faire policies 10. For what reason did Russia not participate in the Revolution of 1848? a. The results of the Decembrist Revolt of 1825 b. Russia's geographical size c. Revolutions of 1848 were unheard of in Russia d. They already had an effective government 11. In what ways did some European governments use liberalism to push forward the Industrial Revolution? a. By increasing wages for workers b. By having unregulated economies c. By increasing health regulations d. By supporting early labor unions 12. Which of the following was a philosophy of Karl Max? a. As capitalism would mature, working conditions would improve. b. Societies needed economies based on cooperation rather than competition. c. Government policies should be limited to protecting contracts, private property, and the nation. d. The proletariat would overthrow the bourgeoisie and create a dictatorship in a classless society. 13. What was a key difference between socialism and anarchism? a. Socialism was more authoritarian b. Socialism held more cooperative principles c. Anarchism was less radical d. Anarchism was less common than Marxism 14. Which of the following was NOT a social change during the Industrial Revolutions? a. Increase of the proletariat b. Increase of labor unions c. Women and child labor laws d. Universal suffrage 15. Which of the following statements best describes the difference between labor parties and labor unions? a. Labor unions held more political impact. b. Labor unions were less effective in reaching their agenda for the working class. c. Labor unions focused on the economic interest of labor and labor parties focused on protecting the political interests of the workers. d. Labor unions focused on more social issues for workers and labor parties focused on economic interests for workers. 16. Of the issues on women's rights below, which were on the agenda of most women during the 19th century? I. Women voting rights II. omen property rights III. Women labor rights a. I b. II and III c. I and III d. All of the above 17. What did the Bill of Rights of 1832 do? a. Give women voting rights b. Give middle-class men voting rights c. Reform working conditions d. Reform public services for the middle-class society 18. Which of the following was an issue with the economy during industrialization? a. Many other nations could not compete b. Much inflation occurred c. Wealth was unequally distributed d. It lowered the social status of many 19. Which social group most embraced socialism? a. The working class b. The bourgeois c. The aristocrats d. None of the above 20. In what ways were liberalism and nationalism the same during the 19th century? a. Both attracted the aristocratic class b. Both advocated for competition in the economy c. Both brought d. Both believed in unification for self-government Explanations: 1. The correct answer is (B. Favorable climate). Climate had to be worked around instead with new forms of farming. Therefore, it was not always favorable and could not be a factor as to why Britain was in the lead to industrialize. The rest of the remaining answers were. 2. The correct answer is (A. Creation of the steam engine). The creation of the steam engine (by James Watt) made it easier to group up factories in cities without having to be located near rivers. Before the steam engine, water power was used and most factories were located where this source was.. 3. The correct answer is (D. Improved health conditions). During the First Industrial Revolution, health conditions worsened to the max. Bad sanitation and scarce access to health care for workers made living conditions some of the worst they had ever been. During the Second Industrial Revolution, conditions were minimally improved. For this reason, improved health care was not an occurrence that characterizes the Industrial Revolution. 4. The correct answer is (D. The First Industrial Revolution focused on textile finished goods while the Second Industrial Revolution focused on steel production.) The First Industrial Revolution circled innovations to make the manufacturing of textiles more efficient such as inventions like the spinning jenny and the water loom. The Second Industrial Revolution was instead focused on improving all of those old innovations from the first revolution. Steel was important for this reason and was mass-produced during this period. 5. The correct answer is (C. The transition from handmade goods to machinery). The Second Industrial Revolution was not about transitioning manufacturing to machinery. It was instead to improve machinery that was already invented prior. The transition from handmade products to machinery comes from the First Industrial Revolution. 6. The correct answer is (C. An inexpensive process for mass production of steel). Created by Henry Bessemer, the Bessemer process involved removing impurities from pig iron through oxidation. This made strong steel and was very inexpensive which made it easy to mass-produce during the Second Industrial Revolution. 7. The correct answer is (B. It had not yet been unified). Germany would not unify until 1871 and as independent states, they struggled to keep up with industrialization. After its unification, Germany became a leader in chemical research. 8. The correct answer is (A. Increase of labor unions). As a surplus of workers occurred, more and more demanding better pay and working conditions in the new systems of working. This led to the creation of labor unions that would go back and forth with many governments. 9. The correct answer is (C. To revolt against aristocratic control). During the Age of Metternich (1815-1848), much conservatism was spread to set Europe back to where it was before the Napoleonic Empire. This meant the aristocracy gained back its status and this upset many lower-class Europeans which resulted in the Revolutions of 1848. Nonetheless, these revolutions were suppressed. 10. The correct answer is (A. The results of the Decembrist Revolt of 1825). Russia had already seen disastrous and failed revolts and one of these was the Decembrist Revolt of 1825. Russians were repressed greatly under the Czarist autocracy and therefore, did not bother to participate in 1848. 11. The correct answer is (B. By having unregulated economies). The British had accepted the laissez-faire policies and this would support industrialization. This method was effective and pushed Britain to be the leader in industrialization. 12. The correct answer is (D.The proletariat would overthrow the bourgeoisie and create a dictatorship in a classless society.) Max had stated that 19th-century society had split between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat and that the proletariat would come out more successful into a dictatorship. He stated that it would lead to the "abolition of all classes and to a classless society." 13. The correct answer is (A.Socialism was more authoritarian). Anarchism was about getting rid of a central govemment entirely and that society would find a way to cooperate with one another. Socialism, on the other hand, did also believe in cooperation within society, but under government rule. 14. The correct answer is (D. Universal suffrage). Although universal suffrage was advocated during the 19th-century, it was mostly directed only at males. Women had yet not achieved the same accomplishment until after the Second Industrial Revolution. 15. The correct answer is (C. Labor unions focused on the economic interest of labor and labor parties focused on protecting the political interests of the workers.) Labor unions saw for better working conditions and for better pay, such as the Luddites. Labor parties fought instead for the right to all men to vote and other political rights for the working class. 16. The correct answer is (C. I and III). Women fought vigorously for the right to vote during the early 20th century and were known as the suffragettes. Women also were able to obtain better working conditions such as a limit to the number of hours they were being made to work (Ten Hours Act). 17. The correct answer is (B. Give middle-class men voting rights). After the extensive work of labor parties, middle-class men were finally able to vote without having to have private property. 18. The correct answer is (C. Wealth was unequally distributed). As industrialization increased, so did the wealth of many nations. The issue became that the rich were getting richer and the poor were getting poorer. Conditions at first only worsened and sent mean wealthy individuals higher in economic power. 19. The correct answer is (A. The working class.) Socialism would favor the working class more since it stood for evenly distributed wealth. It also included the abolition of private property which other higher social classes would be against. 20. The correct answer is (D. Both believed in unification for self-government). Nationalism strongly stood for the union of the people in order to create a successful nation under a government. Liberalism believed that the government had the duty to serve the people and that the people should unite to protect their rights.