Byzantine Empire Questions

Review Questions: Byzantine Empire 1. Why did the Eastern half of the Roman Empire continue to thrive after the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 CE? ● Peninsula for protection ● Close to trade routes ● Government based off of christianity 2. What was the political structure of the Byzantine Empire? Centralized Gov with an emperor who had total power 3. What was Hagia Sophia, and why did Justinian construct it? ● Hagia Sophia was a church built ● Show the power and glory of the Byzantine Empire ● Worship gods 4. Explain the rule of Justinian. What successes did he have as a ruler, and what are some criticisms of his leadership? ● Created laws that unified the empire. ● Built Hagia Sofia ● Spent lots of money on military 5. Why did the Byzantine Empire have a need to protect itself, and how did the empire do this? From invaders Used strong walls 6. What caused the Schism of 054? What are the differences between Eastern Orthodoxy and Roman Catholicism? - Christianity split into two branches: the Orthodox and the Catholic The main difference was the role of the Pope, who was the leader of the Catholic Church, while the Orthodox Church rejected papal authority. 7. What led to the fall of the Byzantine Empire? Political instability constant wars attacks from groups like the Crusaders and Ottomans. T he empire finally fell in 453 when the Ottomans captured Constantinople. Kievan Rus 8. What influences of the Byzantine Empire were seen in Kievan Rus? - Kievan Rus adopted Byzantine Christianity and culture and modeled their government after the Byzantine system. Western Europe 9. Why did feudalism become the system in Western Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire? - After the fall of the Roman Empire, there was no strong central government. Feudalism grew as a way for local lords to protect their land and people in exchange for loyalty and military service. 10. What is manorialism, and how did it provide stability for Western Europe? - Peasants worked on a lord's land in exchange for protection. This ensured that people had food and safety during times of instability. 11. Explain the relationships seen in the medieval Europe feudal pyramid. - The feudal pyramid had the king at the top, followed by lords, knights, and peasants at the bottom. Each level had responsibilities to the one above, like loyalty, service, or protection. 12. Explain the political, social, and economic role of the Catholic Church in Western Europe during the Middle Ages. - The Catholic Church was very powerful and politically influenced kings and governments. Socially, it provided education, charity, and community. Economically, it owned land and wealth, and its monasteries helped manage agriculture and trade. Trade Networks To what extent were the Silk Road and Indian Ocean trade networks similar? Spread goods, culture, religion and ideas 1. How was the Indian Ocean trade network impacted by monsoons? More efficient because they were predictable on when you could leave to get to a place and when and were less risky. 2. How is the Silk Road an example of globalization? Connected regions by religion, goods and cultural ideas 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. Islam What is the historical context for the birth and spread of Islam? - Islam started in the 7th century in the Arabian Peninsula. Muhammad, the founder, spread the religion based on the belief in one God (Allah). It quickly spread across the Middle East and beyond after his death. What are the main beliefs and practices of Islam? - The Five Pillars of Islam are Faith, Prayer ), 3) Fasting ), 4) Charit ), and 5) Pilgrimage). Muslims follow the Quran, the holy book. Why is Islam considered a universal religion? - Islam is considered universal because it teaches that the message of one God is for all people, no matter their background or culture. Who was Muhammad, and why was he significant? - Muhammad is considered the final prophet in Islam. He is significant because he received God's revelations, which became the Quran, and he founded Islam. What was the source of disagreement among Sunni and Shia Muslims? - Sunnis and Shias disagreed about who should lead the Muslim community after Muhammad's death. Sunnis believed the leader should be chosen by the community, while Shias believed it should be someone from Muhammad's family, specifically his cousin, Ali. How did Islam spread from its place of origin? - Islam spread through military conquests, trade, and missionaries. The first Islamic caliphates expanded rapidly across the Middle East, North Africa, and even into parts of Europe and Asia. The Islamic Caliphates How did the Umayyad Caliphate facilitate cultural exchange? - The Umayyad Caliphate expanded Islam into new areas, including Spain and parts of India, which allowed for the exchange of ideas, technology, and culture between different civilizations. How did the Abbasid Caliphate facilitate cultural exchange? - The Abbasid Caliphate promoted learning and culture, especially in cities like Baghdad, where scholars from different cultures gathered to study science, math, and medicine, leading to a "Golden Age" of knowledge. Why is the Abbasid Caliphate considered the Golden Age of Islam? - The Abbasid Caliphate is called the Golden Age of Islam because it saw great advancements in science, medicine, mathematics, and philosophy. It also became a center for trade and cultural exchange. Based on the maps of the caliphates, to where did Islam spread? What influences of Islam are seen in these areas? - Islam spread to areas like Spain, North Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia, and parts of India. In these areas, Islam influenced architecture, art, language, and legal systems, as well as the spread of the Arabic language. Islamic Government was patriarchal