Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction

Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction Quarter 1 – Module 6: Vulnerability in Disaster Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1 – Module 6: Vulnerability in Disaster First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio Development Team of the Module Writer: Melencia Rosario D. Coronel Editors: Andrea D. Senadoza (Original) Anne Marielle R. Del Mundo (Current) Vanessa R. Ambas (Current) Reviewers: Dolorosa S. De Castro (Original) Cristeta M. Arcos (Original) Richard Brian L. Tutor (Current) Illustrator: Leumel M. Cadapan (Original) Ronan DC Vergara (Current) Layout Artist: Leumel M. Cadapan (Original) Maria Elinor F. Hemedes (Current) Management Team: Wilfredo E. Cabral Job S. Zape Jr. Eugenio S. Adrao Elaine T. Balaogan Rosemarie D. Torres Ernesto D. Lindo Dolorosa S. De Castro Cristeta M. Arcos Printed in the Philippines by ________________________ Department of Education – Region IV-A CALABARZON Office Address: Gate 2, Karangalan Village 1900, Cainta, Rizal Telefax: 02-8682-5773/8684-4914/8647-7487 E-mail Address: region4a@deped.gov.ph/ ict.calabarzon@deped.gov.ph Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction Quarter 1 – Module 6: Vulnerability in Disaster Introductory Message For the facilitator: Welcome to the Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction 11/12 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Vulnerability in Disaster! This module was collaboratively designed, developed, and reviewed by educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling. This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances. In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the module: Notes to the Teacher This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help you in guiding the learners. As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module. For the learner: Welcome to the Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction 11/12 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Vulnerability in Disaster! The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is often used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create, and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the 4 relevant competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands! This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner. This module has the following parts and corresponding icons: What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or competencies you are expected to learn in the module. What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to check what you already know about the lesson to take. If you get all the answers correct (100%), you may decide to skip this module. What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link the current lesson with the previous one. What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to you in various ways such as a story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an activity or a situation. What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the lesson. This aims to help you discover and understand new concepts and skills. What’s More This comprises activities for independent practice to solidify your understanding and skills of the topic. You may check the answers to the exercises using the Answer Key at the end of the module. What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process what you learned from the lesson. 5 What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will help you transfer your new knowledge or skill into real life situations or concerns. Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of mastery in achieving the learning competency. Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the lesson learned. This also tends retention of learned concepts. Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the module. At the end of this module you will also find: References This is a list of all sources used in developing this module. The following are some reminders in using this module: 1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises. 2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included in the module. 3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task. 4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers. 5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next. 6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it. If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone. 6 We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it! What I Need to Know In this module, the learner will be able to determine why there are sectors of the society that are more vulnerable and be able to explain the factors that made these sectors susceptible to risk and hazards. This will further teach the learner how to turn a very vulnerable sector to a less vulnerable one by managing or reducing exposure to hazard and risk. Aside from reducing exposure to hazard and risk, in this module the learner will be able to understand that adaptability to the disaster is also a major factor in lessening the vulnerability of the sector since disaster is hardly prevented The module consists of one lesson, namely:  Sectors of society’s vulnerability to Disaster After going through this module, you are expected to: 1. explain why some sectors are more vulnerable to disaster than others; 2. describe how different sectors find ways on how to lessen vulnerability of the community; 3. discuss how population density and capacity to mitigate and rehabilitate could affect the level of vulnerability of the different sectors; 4. deliver possible solutions in making the different sectors of the community to become less vulnerable; 5. recognize the importance of knowing one’s capacity and population density in community mitigation and rehabilitation. 7 What I Know Multiple choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper. 1. It refers to a serious disruption of the functioning community and losses in human life, material, economic and environmental. a. disaster b. disaster risk c. hazard d. vulnerability 2. What situation has the CAPACITY to bring damages to lives, properties and the environment? a. element Risk b. hazard c. risk d. vulnerability 3. You currently live in a condominium. There is a super typhoon and the power went off due to damaged electric posts, but they have a generator so the power supply is immediately restored. All of the following are the reasons why you are less vulnerable than other people living in city EXCEPT__________. a. human activities affect the intensity of the typhoon b. availability of services during times of natural disaster c. ability to anticipate, respond, and adapt to current situation d. presence of facilities that can be used to respond immediately when needed 8 4. Factors affecting vulnerability are the following EXCEPT ______________. a. building codes and policies b. population density c. occurrence of natural hazards d. location of the community 5. On what situation will you consider a major earthquake as a nondisastrous one? a. When it happens in a faraway country. b. When it happens to less than 1,000 people. c. When it happens to less than 10,000 people. d. When it happens in an area without any people. 6. Which of the following concepts DOES NOT fall under vulnerability? a. absence of adaptive capacities b. exposure c. lack of coping capacities d. susceptibility 7. All a. b. c. d. of the following can increase the level of vulnerability EXCEPT____. very populated areas/community insufficient fund for relief operations inadequate facilities for immediate disaster response community provides accessible services and facilities for response 8. Philippines is now less vulnerable to typhoon because _________. a. our country is not heavily populated b. local Government Units cannot provide adequate evacuation centers c. our country has sufficient budget to augment the loses in livelihood d. our government already acquired technology that can predict super typhoon 9. Increased human population can sometimes result to ____. a. decreased hazard b. increased vulnerability c. less exposure d. lowered risk 9 10. During the initial stage of a typhoon that causes disaster, almost all surface means of transportation within the community are disrupted by broken bridges, roads, and streets that are rendered impassable by landslides or floods. The restricted mobility of vehicles makes rescue and other emergency operations doubly difficult. What is this impact/ effect of disaster? a. damage to critical facilities b. disruption of transportation c. economic impact d. social and political impact 11. What could be the possible reason why urban region is more vulnerable to COVID-19 than the rural region? a. Rural region has more population than urban region. b. Urban region has more population than rural region. c. Rural region has higher population density than urban region. d. Urban region has higher population density than rural region. 12. Why is it that Japan is less vulnerable to COVID-19 pandemic than other Asian countries? a. They have more population. b. They have less population density. c. They have the capacity to do mass testing. d. They can provide sufficient numbers of PPE. 13. NCR has very high population density making it more vulnerable to any hazard like what happened during the lockdown where all members of the family have no choice but to stay in a very small living space. To lessen the population density of NCR, the government proposed the ___________. a. Balik Probinsya Program b. Gulayan sa Bakuran Program c. Libreng Hatid Probinsya d. Reproductive Health Bill 14. Population density means________. a. number of households in an area in relation to the size of an area b. number of individuals living in an area in relation to the size of an area c. number of individuals inhabiting in a particular space at the same time d. number of households inhabiting in a particular space at the same time 10 15. The following factors can affect the level of vulnerability EXCEPT___. a. capabilities of the authorities b. human population c. human population density d. level of awareness of the community Lesson Sectors of Society’s 1 Vulnerability to Disaster This lesson explains why some sectors are more vulnerable to exposure to hazard and most likely to suffer greater disaster impact than others. It will also be discussed how different sectors find ways on how to lessen vulnerability of the community and how it adapts after the disaster. What’s In Compare and Contrast the images below and answer the questions that follow. Part I. Image 1 Image 2 11 1. Which image shows higher vulnerability of transmissible infectious diseases? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 2. List down 3 differences between the 2 images presented. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 3. Explain why these differences made the image you answered in item 1 more vulnerable to infectious diseases. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Part II. Image 1 Image 2 1. Which image shows higher level of vulnerability during typhoon? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 12 2. List 3 possible reasons why the chosen image in item 1 question has a higher level of vulnerability on the given scenario depicted higher level of vulnerability. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 3. Which image portrays better capabilities to response during times of disaster? Explain why. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Notes to the Teacher There are several possible answers. Consider answers that are relevant to the questions and could have been a possible answer but not included in the answer key. What’s New Recall the exits and entrances of previous school. following questions based on your observation. Answer the 1. Are there exits allotted for emergency escape plan? How many? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 13 2. Are those exits passable and void of blocking hazards? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 3. Are the gates working and can be easily opened in case of emergency? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 4. Are these exits known to the students? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 5. Are the number of exits sufficient so that all the students can get out in time during emergency? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 6. Do you practice emergency escape thru drills? Are there designated areas for the students to go to so that the teachers will be able to check if there are missing students? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 7. Do you think your school is highly capable of making sure of the safety of their learners? Explain why. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 8. What do you think are the possible factors considered by the DRRM coordinator of your school in preparing your school in times of emergency? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 14 What is It Level of vulnerability of an area or community can be assessed base on different factors. These factors can affect one another or can lead to other factors. Factors affecting vulnerability of one’s community: 1. Population density near a hazard event.  Population differs from population density.  Population refers to the number of individuals inhabiting in a particular space at the same time. If people are well distributed, there is lesser effect of disaster.  Population density refers to the number of individuals living in an area in relation to the size of an area. If population density is high, it means that the number of individuals is high but the space is very small. In that case, if fire broke in that area, there is little space for the population to escape quickly and easily. So, crowded communities have higher vulnerability to hazards.  The primary consideration is not the population size but the population density. 2. Capacity and efficiency to reduce Disaster Risk.  Community that is less vulnerable has the capacity to reduce disaster risk because; 15  1. It can provide accessibility and availability of services and facilities during and after disaster. 2. It has the ability to anticipate, adapt, and respond to possible disaster. Is it appropriate to say that The Philippines is less vulnerable to typhoon? Nowadays, our country has advanced technology to predict super typhoon and several municipalities already provided evacuation centers to provide temporary housing for victims when disaster occur. What’s More Identify what factor affects the vulnerability to disaster with the following situations given. Write P if it is due to population density and write C if it is due to sector’s capacity and efficiency to reduce disaster risk. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Tondo community during the total lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic wherein the families are forced to stay inside their houses that are too small for the number of family members. 2. Use of drones to disinfect the community in Pasig City to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 virus. 3. Insufficient number of rubber boats during super typhoon Yolanda in Malabon City wherein large number of residents were stranded on the top of their roof. 4. Too many casualties during super typhoon Milenyo in Los Baños due to excessive kaingin practices and illegal settlers in Mt. Makiling. 5. The Philippines and Japan are both prone to earthquakes but the latter one is less vulnerable. 16 What I Have Learned 1. After answering the questions in “What’s new”, what are the possible problems that you were able to identify? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________ 2. If you will be assigned as Student DRRM coordinator, what possible solutions to the problem can you suggest? _____________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ __________________________________________ 3. What possible activities can you suggest to increase the awareness of the learners on how to lessen the vulnerability of your previous school? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ 17 What I Can Do Read the given situation then answer the questions that follow. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. You are the barangay captain of Brgy. Canlubang. Your response team is deployed, and you have your radio with you. Reports are streaming-in for assistance and relief goods. Mobile patrols are having a difficult time going around due to lack of accessible barangay roads. At the same time, the barangay is heavily populated so there was a shortage of response vehicles to assist the victims and deliver relief goods to the evacuation area. 1. What do you think are the possible problems being faced by Barangay Canlubang? Give three (3) possible problems. ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 2. In this kind of situation, what do you think is the liability of the local officials? National government? ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 3. Suggest three (3) possible solutions based on your identified possible problems. ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 18 ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ Assessment Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Increased human population can sometimes result to ____. a. decreased hazard b. increased vulnerability c. less exposure d. lowered Risk 2. During the initial stage of a typhoon that causes a disaster, almost all surface means of transportation within the community are disrupted by broken bridges, roads, and streets that are rendered impassable by landslides or floods. The restricted mobility of vehicles makes rescue and other emergency operations doubly difficult. What is this impact/ effect of disaster? a. damage to critical facilities b. disruption of transportation c. economic impact d. social and political impact 19 3. What could be the possible reason why urban region is more vulnerable to Covid-19 than the rural region? a. Rural region has more population than urban region. b. Urban region has more population than rural region. c. Rural region has higher population density than urban region. d. Urban region has higher population density than rural region. 4. Why is it that Japan is less vulnerable to COVID-19 pandemic than other Asian countries? a. They have more population. b. They have less population density. c. They have the capacity to do mass testing. d. They can provide sufficient numbers of PPE. 5. NCR has very high population density making it more vulnerable to any hazard like what happened during the lockdown where all members of the family have no choice but to stay in a very small living space. To lessen the population density of NCR, the government proposed the __________. a. Balik Probinsya Program b. Gulayan sa Bakuran Program c. Libreng Hatid Probinsya d. Reproductive Health Bill 6. Which of the following concepts DOES NOT fall under vulnerability? a. absence of adaptive capacities b. exposure c. lack of coping capacities d. susceptibility 7. All of the following can increase the level of vulnerability EXCEPT____. a. very populated areas/community 20 b. insufficient fund for relief operations c. inadequate facilities for immediate disaster response d. community provides accessible services and facilities for response 8. Philippines is now less vulnerable to typhoon because _________. a. our country is not heavily populated. b. local government units cannot provide adequate evacuation centers. c. our country has sufficient budget to augment the loses in livelihood. d. our government already acquired technology that can predict super typhoon. 9. Population density means________. a. number of households in an area in relation to the size of an area b. number of individuals living in an area in relation to the size of an area c. number of individuals inhabiting in a particular space at the same time d. number of households inhabiting in a particular space at the same time 10. The following factors can affect the level of vulnerability EXCEPT___. a. capability and efficiency of the authorities b. human population c. human population density d. level of awareness of the community 21 11. It refers to a serious disruption of the functioning community and losses in human life, material, economic and environmental. a. disaster b. disaster risk c. hazard d. vulnerability 12. What situation has the CAPACITY to bring damages to lives, properties, and the environment? a. element at risk b. hazard c. risk d. vulnerability 13. You currently live in a condominium. There is a super typhoon and the power went off due to damaged electric posts, but they have a generator so the power supply is immediately restored. All of the following are the reasons why you are less vulnerable than other people living in city EXCEPT__________. a. human activities affect the intensity of the typhoon b. availability of services during times of natural disaster c. ability to anticipate, respond, and adapt to current situation d. presence of facilities that can be used to respond immediately when needed 14. Factors affecting vulnerability are the following EXCEPT a. building codes and policies b. location of the community c. occurrence of natural hazards d. population density 15. On what situation will you consider a major earthquake as a non-disastrous one? 22 a. When it happens in a far away country. b. When it happens to less than 1,000 people. c. When it happens to less than 10,000 people. d. When it happens in an area without any people. Additional Activities Draw the floor plan of your house and make an emergency escape plan. How will you plan for the escape of all your family members with limited exit points? Make sure that your escape plan is feasible and will prevent stampede. The rubrics below will be the basis of your score. CATEGORY 5 3 2 1 RELEVANCE All graphics are related to the topic and make it easier to understand All graphics relate to the topic Graphics do not relate to the topic ORIGINALITY With All graphics are related to the topic and most make it easier to understan d One or two Graphics No graphics 23 SCOR E exceptional degree of student creativity in their work. REQUIRED ELEMENTS ATTRACTIVENES S Includes required elements as well as additional information The escape plan is exceptionall y attractive in terms of design, layout and neatness of the graphics reflects creativity of the students All required elements are included made based on the designs of others made by the student are included All but 1 are included Several required elements are missing The escape plan is attractive in terms of design, layout and neatness The escape plan is acceptabl y attractive though it may be a bit messy The escape plan is distractingl y messy or very poorly designed TOTAL SCORE Answer Key 24 Assessment 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. B B D C A B D D B D A B A C D What's More 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. P C C P C 25 What I Know 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. A B A C D B D D B B D C A B D References Bueza, Michael. “The Role of LGUs, Local Councils during Disasters.” Rappler, December 6, 2014. Accessed May 20, 2020. https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/44026-role-lgu-local-councils-disaster. Campanero, Nida S., and Egargo, Veronica N. “Correlates of Vulnerability: A Quantified Study of People’s Vulnerability on the Impact of Super Typhoon Yolanda in Guiuan, Eastern Samar, Philippines.” Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research 3, no. 9 (2017): 416–32. Accessed May 20, 2020. Commission on Audit (COA), nd. Disaster Management practices in the Philippines: An assessment. Philippines: Commission on Audit. Accessed May 20, 2020. “Executive Order No. 335, s. 1941: GOVPH.” Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines, April 1, 1941. Accessed May 20, 2020. http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1941/04/01/executive-order-no-335-s-1941/. National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (NDRRM). 2011. The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan (NDRRMP). Philippines: NDRRMP, Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG). Accessed May 20, 2020. Republic Act No. 10121. Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010. Manila, Philippines: Congress of the Philippines. Accessed May 20, 2020. http://www.mdrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/45/Republic_Act_10121.pdf 26 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call: Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR) Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600 Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985 Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph