Blood Composition and Function

Blood Composition and Function Blood volume in man body more or less 1/14 or 8% from heavy body. On In principle , blood functions as a means of transporting food substances , remains metabolism, And hormone. Apart from that, blood also plays a role in regulating balance acid-base fluid body And causes excessive body heat from a part of the body equally to part body Which other, even blood role also in protection body. Blood consists of blood plasma and blood cells. Blood plasma contains 90% water, whereas the rest is proteins blood (albumin, globulin, And fibrinogen), various salts, food substances from the digestive tract, remains metabolism Which transported to tool excretion, hormone, And gases which is dissolved. 1. Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cell) Erythrocytes called Also as cell blood red. Color red on erythrocytes caused by exists hemoglobin. Hemoglobin arranged from compound iron hemin and something type proteins, that is globin . Role main erythrocytes is as carrier oxygen from lungs to all over body. Role other erythrocytes is maintain balance acid-base fluid blood And Also transport O 2 in in body. Every molecule hemoglobin (Hb) contain 4 atom iron And every atom iron can transport 1 molecule oxygen (O 2 ). Molecules oxygen the transported by Hb in form oxyhemoglobin. Amount erythrocytes on a man mature ± 5,400,000 cell per mm 3 And to one woman mature ± 4,800,000 cell per mm 3 . Diameter cells This around 7 micron with thickness 2 micron, whereas rate hemoglobin normal range between 14 until 16 grams per 100 millimeter blood. Formation erythrocytes happen in in marrow bone flat (bone back) and bone pipe . Age erythrocytes average 120 day, after That will destroyed inside _ spleen And heart. Not enough more 3 million cell Which destroyed every the second and as much That also must generated erythrocytes Which new. Compound hemin from hemoglobin which Already destroyed changed become pigment bile form biliverdin and bilirubin . Part big substance iron from destruction hemoglobin the transported back to in marrow bone For formation erythrocytes new. 2. Leukocytes (White Blood Cell) Leukocytes or cell blood white No contain pigment, the diameter average bigger _ than erythrocytes, that is range between 8 to 15 microns and each contains core cell. Formation leukocytes occurs in lymph, glands lymphoid, And red marrow on bone. On a mature under circumstances normal, the amount more not enough 5,000 up 10,000 cell per mm 3 blood. Amount leukocytes can increase quickly _ on sufferer disease certain, this situation called leukocytosis , for example on inflammation sufferers lungs. On sufferer leukemia, amount leukocytes can reach 1 million per mm 3 or more And This very dangerous because cells on marrow bone Which produce erythrocytes replaced by cells _ leukemia so that hinder formation erythrocytes. Other case with disease typhus, amount leukocytes decrease Because disease This damages the lymphoid tissue which is abundant in the intestinal wall. Lack cells blood white This called leukopenia . Leukocytes grouped based on existence details Which found in fluid the cell become agranulocytes , that is leukocytes Which No own details- details so that fluid cell clear, but own One core Which big. Type cell white blood This generated by networks lymphoid And can differentiated become lymphocytes and monocytes . Form leukocytes other is granulocytes , on fluid cell there is granules that absorb certain dyes and squiggly cell nuclei. Granulocytes are produced by marrow red on bone And can differentiated Again based on his abilities absorb substance color become neutrophils , eosinophils , And basophils. a. Lymphocytes contain A little fluid cell And have characteristic amoeboid so you can go out from vessels blood. Type cell blood white This very plays a role in fighting disease-causing bacteria because of its ability to produce substances antibody. b. Monocytes contain Lots fluid cell And nature phagocytes to bacteria. The amount occupy order third most Lots after neutrophils And lymphocytes. c. Neutrophils is type leukocytes Which most Lots, that is between 65 to 705 from all over amount leukocytes. Form the main thing is diverse variety And on Cell fluid contains granules that absorb neutral dye. Neutrophils are amoeboid and phagocytes . d. Eosinophils own core Which consists from two cleavage And details on cell fluid can absorb substance color eosin Which nature sour. Eosinophils moving slow And nature phagocytes to particles foreign in surroundings. Eosinophil count increase on circumstances allergy, for example asthma And infection worm mine. e. Basophils own core Which shaped like letter S, details on cell fluid can absorb substance color Which nature base. The movement slow and its role Still Not yet clear. 3. Blood Pieces (Platelets) Component blood Which One This form pieces (platelets) Which no substance. By Because That, not enough appropriate If called as platelets Which means blood cells freezer. Pieces blood the shape No orderly with plus size small than erythrocytes as well as No colored And Also No can move alone, but only follow Genre blood. In circumstances normal the amount ± 250,000 puck per mmm cubic. Puck blood This originate from megakaryocytes inside _ marrow red on bone And role in process freezing blood . The blood clotting process is a complicated process and involves many antihemophilic factors, namely factors that play a role in stopping bleeding. Process freezing blood started when happen damage on blood vessels Which cause pieces blood go out from vessels together with other blood components. Blood platelets break easily after coming into contact with air or a rough surface so that the enzyme thromboplastinogenase Which there is in inside go out And mixed with plasma blood. On plasma blood there is thromboplastinogen Which is Wrong one component of globulin, this substance is activated by the enzyme thromboplastinogenase to become thromboplastin. Temporary That on plasma blood there is also prothrombin which is produced heart with help vitamin K. Prothrombin only can role in the blood clotting process if it has been activated to become the enzyme thrombin. to activate it needed also thromboplastin And ion calcium (Ca 2+) Thrombin eznym role is change fibrinogen, that is Wrong one protein blood Which late in blood plasma become fibrin shaped interwoven fibers fine Which will capture blood cells . Thus , it happened lump blood on damaged blood vessels and clots This obstruct blood so that it doesn't to outside from vessels the. The blood clotting process will not happen If Wrong One from antihaemophilic factors were not available . This means that the bleeding cannot be stopped or is known as hemophilia . However, if the clotting process occurs in the blood vessels so lump blood (embolus) can clog blood vessels . A condition called embolism This hinder Providing nutrients and oxygen to tissues so that can causing death network the.