University:
Western Oregon University
Course:
BI 102 | General Biology
Academic year:

2022
Views:

7

Pages:

1
Author:

LauraParks11

Blood: is the red fluid that circulates in blood vessels providing a mechanism for rapid transport of nutrients, waste products, respiratory gases and cells Blood functions in: - delivering oxygen and carbon dioxide from and to the lungs - removing metabolic wastes - maintaining physiological temperature and pH - preventing infections - transporting hormones To decompose blood into components: 1- withdraw blood and place in tube 2- put sample in centrifuge Blood components I Plasma (55%) Formed (cellular) elements (45%) Liquid portion of blood; composed 90% of water, ions, and clotting factors 1- red blood cells (erythrocytes): - bioconcave disc cells that have no organelles or nuclei - transport oxygen from the lungs to all living tissues in the body and carry away carbon dioxide - produced in the bone marrow at a rate of 2-3 million cells/ sec - they contain hemoglobin which is the gas transporting protein that makes up 95% of the blood cells Components: 1- water (90%) 2- solutes: proteins, ions, metabolic wastes, hormones SERUM IS NOT THE SAME AS PLASMA Serum: is plasma without clotting factors and platelets Plasma= serum +clotting factors and platelets 2-white blood cells (leukocytes): - nucleated cells that are larger than RBCs and exist in variable numbers and types - primary defense line of the body against infections - 5 types categorized into 2 groups according to their appearance: A- granulocytes: neutrophil/ eosinophil/ basophil B- agranulocytes: monocyte/ lymphocyte 3- platelets (thrombocytes): - anucleated cellular fragments that release some clotting factors - function with the clotting factors in stopping bleeding when a blood vessel is damaged - appear as dark stain under a microscope Blood counting methods: Cell separation methods: 1- manual method= hemocytometer: consists of a thick glass that creates a counting chamber; the number of cells discounted by looking at the chamber through a microscope; trypan blue is added to sample to distinguish between live and dead cells 1- immunological: desired cells are targeted for selection using a monoclonal antibody to a specific cell surface antigen 2- automated cell count machine 2- physical: centrifugation, filters, density gradient centurifugation I