English Language Eng 8 - Notes

English Language Eng 8 - Notes Planning The most important step in writing a research paper is ... A unique idea For a research paper, a thesis should synthesize information from various sources to become ... Counterarguments Reasons of the opposite position that should be refuted in the research paper are .... Use third-person point of view A formal research paper must ... Take notes from different sources When researching, a student should ... Make an outline Which major task is important to do before starting a rough draft to insure that the paper's ideas are organized? Show thinking patterns and express paragraph organization Graphic organizers help a writer ... Main ideas and supporting details Body paragraph should consist of ... Citing a source in a text with an author's name and a page number A parenthetical citation is ... Information from people known by their peers as credible Expert evidence consists of ... An act of fraud using another's idea or words as one's own Plagiarism is defined as ... Key words Similar or the same words in a paragraph that keep ideas organized and on the same topic are called ... Schemes Changes in the usual grammar structures to emphasize ideas, to add focus, and to change the rhythm in writing are called ... Red herring A deliberate diverting away from the question to avoid answering is a logical fallacy called a ... Circular reasoning A logical fallacy that has no new useful information for explanation (such as X is true because of Y; Y is true because of X) is called ... Post hoc A logical fallacy that proposes something caused an event must because it occurred before that event is called ... Voice The term for describing the individualized pattern of writing style for an author is ... Refers to a person who does that action When -er or -or is added to the end of a verb, the word ... Means "of," "relating to," or "characterized by" When -al is added to the end of a word, the word ... Noun about a movement, belief, or attitude When -ism is added to the end of a word, it makes a ... derivational morpheme The term of an affix that changes the grammatical use of a word is a ... statistic The term for a piece of data expressed in numbers and percentages is a ... To introduce yourself to you audience Which answer is NOT one of the three purposes of an introduction? How could this data be incorrect or purposefully manipulated? Which question is relevant to ask when evaluatung data? Exposition The term for an explanation of an idea or theory is ... A partisan The term for a person who supports an idea, a cause, or another person is ... Opinion A long dress is formal attire Theory Automobile fumes may cause global warming Evidence The author uses sarcasm: "Wow, thats a great idea, to just sit in the rain all day waiting for someone who may never come!" Evidence There are sea gulls at the pond in Josey Lane, and we took some pictures of them. Acquired (secondary) drives drives that are learned through experience or conditioning, such as the need for money or social approval Amygdala A limbic system structure involved in memory and emotion, particularly fear and aggression. Anorexia nervosa An eating disorder characterized by an obstinate and willful refusal to eat, a distorted body image, and an intense fear of being fat Arousal Theory A theory of motivation suggesting that people are motivated to maintain an optimal level of alertness and physical and mental activation. Basal metabolic rate the body's resting rate of energy expenditure Binge-eating disorder significant binge- eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging, fasting, or excessive exercise that marks bulimia nervosa Bulimia An eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise. Cannon-Bard Theory the theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the subjective experience of emotion Cognitive Arousal Theory theory of emotion in which both the physical arousal and the labeling of that arousal based on cues from the environment must occur before the emotion is experienced Cognitive-Mediational Theory Innate tendencies that determine behavior Insulin A protein hormone synthesized in the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into tissues Intrinsic motivation a desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake James-Lange Theory the theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli Leptin A hormone produced by adipose (fat) cells that acts as a satiety factor in regulating appetite. Motivation A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior Need something like air, food, or shelter that is necessary for survival Need for Achievement nach high nACH=choose moderate diffculty and risk tasks. good salespeople, not good managers Need for Affiliation naff The desire for friendly and close interpersonal relationships Need for Power npow authority motivated, procedures need to be influential, effective and make an impact Needs Theory of Motivation theory of motivation that examines the three specific needs for achievement, affiliation, and power Obesity A condition in which body weight is increased by excess fat. Peak experiences Profound and deeply moving experiences in a person's life which have important and last effects on the individual. Higher in self-actualized people. Primary drives innate drives, such as hunger, thirst, and sexual desire, that arise from basic biological needs Schachter and Singer Physical arousal has to be interpreted cognitively before it is experienced as a specific emotion Self-actualization according to Maslow, one of the ultimate psychological needs that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential SelfDetermination Theory Theoretical perspective proposing that human beings have a basic need for autonomy (self- determination) about the courses that their lives take; it further proposes that humans also have basic needs to feel competent and to have close, affectionate relationships with others. Also see need for self-determination. Sensation seeker Someone who needs more arousal than the average person and seeks out complex and varied experiences Stimulus motive A motive that appears to be unlearned but causes an increase in stimulation, such as curiosity Weight set point the weight level that a person is predisposed to maintain, controlled in part by the hypothalamus Yerkes-Dodson Law A law stating that effective performance is more likely if the level of arousal is suitable for the activity.