Developmental Psychology Revalidation

DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY REVALIDA SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT 1. ________ emphasized the purpose of behaviour as opposed to its analysis and description. A) Structuralism B) Functionalism C) Humanism D) Behaviourism 2. ________ established the first psychological laboratory in 1879. A) Joseph Gall B) John Locke C) William James D) Wilhelm Wundt 3. ________ involved the analysis of the basic elements or building blocks of the mind. A) Functionalism B) Structuralism C) Humanism D) Behaviourism 4. The founder of functionalism was: A) Sigmund Freud. B) William James. C) Wilhelm Wundt. D) E. B. Titchener 5. An important movement in psychology that emerged in the early 1970s was: A) The behaviourist movement. B) The humanist movement. C) the feminist movement. D) "Positive psychology." 6. In North America, Wilhelm Wundt's ideas were popularized by one of his students, E. B. Titchener, who gave Wundt's approach the name: A) structuralism. B) psychoanalysis. C) functionalism. D) behaviourism. 7. Which school of thought in psychology tried to identify the basic elements of sensations, images, and feelings? A) phrenology B) structuralism C) functionalism D) psychoanalysis 8. A person is asked to break down all the different components of taste when biting into an orange. This type of research would be typical in which of the following schools of psychology? A) psychoanalysis B) functionalism C) behaviourism D) structuralism 9. A person is asked to listen to the clicking of a metronome and then to report exactly what she heard. This type of research would be typical in which of the following schools of psychology? A) psychoanalysis B) functionalism C) behaviourism D) structuralism 10. During the early decades of psychology's existence as a formal discipline, three schools of psychological thought became popular. The school of ________ soon faded from psychology. A) functionalism B) structuralism C) psychoanalysis D) behaviourism 11. The approach known as structuralism was most concerned with the ________ of mental contents. A) "how" B) "why" C) "what" D) "when" 12. The essential difference between structuralists and functionalists is that structuralists focused on the ________ of behaviour, whereas functionalists focused on the ________ of behaviour. A) analysis and description; function and purpose B) function and purpose; analysis and description C) unconscious aspects; conscious aspects D) causes and consequences; basic elements 13. Freud likened the human mind to a/an ________ of which only the ________ represent(s) our conscious awareness. A) mountain; peak B) stream; waves C) iceberg; visible tip D) hand; fingertips 14. Freud is to the study of ________ as James is to the study of ________. A) dreams; behaviour B) experimental psychology; applied psychology C) unconscious; structure D) unconscious; function 15. An early approach to scientific psychology called ________ emphasized the purpose of behaviour. A) structuralism B) psychoanalysis C) functionalism D) introspection 16. Several middle-school girls watch their classmates, Nonong and Tonyo, engage in a roughand-tumble wrestling match. The attention of the girls seems to intensify the boys' play. A psychologist trained in the functionalist perspective would wonder: A) which psychosexual stage is evoked by the presence of the girls? B) do these boys have smaller head bumps devoted to "cautiousness" than most boys? C) what is the purpose of rough-and-tumble play in the adaptive changes of early adolescence? D) did these boys experience childhood traumas that unconsciously cause aggression? 17. Structuralists asked ________ when an organism does something, whereas functionalists asked ________. A) why something happens; how something happens B) how something happens; why something happens C) what happens; how something happens D) why something happens; what happens 18. Which school of thought in psychology was influenced by the evolutionary theories of Charles Darwin? A) phrenology B) structuralism C) functionalism D) psychoanalysis 19. Emelyn, a class of 1901 college graduate, wants to pursue a graduate career in psychology in order to study the ways that various actions help a person adapt to the environment. The psychological approach of ________ best matches Emelyn's interests. A) Wilhelm Wundt B) William James C) Sigmund Freud D) Joseph Gall 20. According to ________, no person can keep a secret because even if the lips are silent, he chatters with his fingertips and betrayal oozes out of him at every pore. A) Wilhelm Wundt B) William James C) Sigmund Freud D) Joseph Gall 21. Psychoanalysis is defined as: A) a theory of personality that emphasizes the awareness of one's own cognitive processes. B) a theory of personality that emphasizes unconscious motives and conflicts. C) a method of psychotherapy in which an observer carefully records and interprets behaviour without interfering with the behaviour. D) a method of psychotherapy that emphasizes how maladaptive behaviours are learned through imitations of others and through cognitive expectations. 22. The five lenses that predominate in psychology today are the: A) biological, learning, cognitive, sociocultural, and psychodynamic. B) biological, learning, cognitive, humanistic, and feminist. C) learning, cognitive, psychodynamic, humanistic, and evolutionary. D) learning, cognitive, humanistic, feminist, and evolutionary. 23. A researcher who is investigating the possibility that some mental illnesses have a genetic basis is most likely being guided by the ________ perspective. A) sociocultural B) biological C) psychodynamic D) learning 24. Professor Robert approaches questions about human behaviour from a perspective that emphasizes bodily events associated with actions, feelings, and thoughts. It is most likely that she accepts which of the following psychological approaches? A) biological B) learning C) cognitive D) sociocultural 25. Cognitive researchers have contributed to psychology by: A) linking our evolutionary history to the functions of human behaviours today. B) sticking to the observable aspects of human behaviour. C) devising methods for inferring mental processes from observable behaviour. D) improving on the method of introspection by making it more objective. 26. Which modern perspective in psychology is most like functionalism? A) the biological perspective B) the cognitive perspective C) the evolutionary perspective D) the psychodynamic perspective 27. Mark has a strong desire to quit smoking. A psychologist from the biological perspective would try to help by: A) delivering a shock to Mark's wrist just as he inhales. B) probing Mark's unconscious need for oral fulfillment. C) finding a drug that reduces Mark's craving for nicotine. D) emphasizing that smoking is a decision that Mark can control.